Journal of Indo-European Studies. — 2019. — Vol. 47, Number 1 & 2. — 23 p. Bomhard’s hypothesis is that PIE was the result of interference between a substrate related to Northwest Caucasian and a dominant language related to Uralic (pre-Uralic?) that absorbed Caucasus-like elements in phonology, morphology, and lexicon. That kind of interference would imply a long period of...
Antiquity. — 2012. — No 86. — p. 1097–1111. Claudia Gerling, Eszter Banffy, Janos Dani, Kitti Kohler, Gabriella Kulcsar, Alistair W.G. Pike, Vajk Szeverenyi & Volker Heyd. You never know until you look. The authors deconstruct a kurgan burial mound in the Great Hungarian Plain designated to the Yamnaya culture, to find it was actually shared by a number of different peoples....
In: Early Symbolic Systems for Communications in Southeast Europe. Vol. 1 / compiled and edited by Lolita Nikolova (BAR S1139). — Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 2003. — p. 157-167. In this paper the attempt is made to reconstruct the sex and age structure of the Pit Grave culture society in the Northwest Pontic region on the basis of the available data from 283...
Earth Sciences. Special Issue: Modern Problems of Geography and Anthropology. — 2015. — Vol. 4, No. 5-1. — p. 30-34. In this work we present a morphological study of postcranial skeletons from the Yamna-culture burials of the following barrow groups: Zunda-Tolga, Manjikiny, Mu-Sharet, Ostrovnoy, which are situated in the right bank of the Manych river in Kalmykia, and...
Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1979. — 153 p. — (Fontes archaeologici Hungariae, 17). — ISBN: 963-05-1733-7. The present book discusses the relics of the ancient nomadic tribes of steppic origin in Eastern Hungary. These tribes were given different names like oshre-grave culture, pit-grave (Yamnaya) culture, kurgan culture, on the basis of the most striking features of the...
In: E. Borgna & S. Müller-Celka (ed.) Burial mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Central and Eastern Europe — Balkans — Adriatic — Aegean, 4th–2nd millennium B.C.) (Les Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient 58). — Lyon, 2011. — p. 535–555. Ten thousand round tumuli characterize the plains around the lower Danube, its tributaries and the central Carpathian basin. The very origin of...
Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte. Band 91 (2207). — Halle (Saale), 2007. — s. 67-102. lnnenverzierte Steinkisten. Anthropomorphe Stelen. Neue Belege für innenverzierte Steinkisten der Krim. Auswertung. Zusammenfassung.
Radiocarbon. — 2013. — Vol. 55. Nr 2-3. — p. 1286-1296. We studied the chronology and periodization of the Pit-Grave (Yamnaya) culture at the Volga and Ural interfluve. Establishing the chronology of the Pit-Grave culture by archaeological methods is difficult due to the lack of artifacts in the burials. Therefore, we excavated 3 kurgan groups in the Orenburg region of Russia...
Documenta Praehistorica. — 2015. — XLII. — p. 311-319. The paper presents the evolution of pottery from the early Eneolithic period to the Early Bronze Age in the Volga area in the Samara and South Urals in accordance with typological and technological characteristics of pottery from the Samara culture and the early stage of the Yamnaya (Pit-Grave) culture. It is established...
Estonian Journal of Archaeology. — 2016. — Vol. 20, issue 2. — p. 128–149. The aim of the paper is to provide the research results concerning the Pit-Grave culture sites of the south Ural region, which is a part of the Volga-Ural interfluve. The Pit-Grave culture developed mostly out of the Khvalynsk Eneolithic culture at the turn of the 5th–4th millennium cal BC. People of the...
In: Heyd V., Kulcsár G., Szeverényi V. (eds.) Transitions to the Bronze Age. Interregional Interaction and Socio-Cultural Change in the Third Millennium BC Carpathian Basin and Neighbouring Regions. — Budapest, 2013. — pp. 153-179. The aim of our paper is to provide analytical data to the multidisciplinary research of Pit Grave culture kurgans of the Carpathian Basin. The data...
In: Á. Pető/A. Barczi (eds), Kurgan studies: An environmental and archaeological multiproxy study of burial mounds of the Eurasian steppe zone. BAR Internat. Ser. 2238. — Oxford, 2011. — pp. 113-138. This article includes the conceptual view of the author on the problems of transition between the Late Eneolithic and the Early Bronze Age, without a detailed comparative analysis...
In: Á. Pető/A. Barczi (eds), Kurgan studies: An environmental and archaeological multiproxy study of burial mounds of the Eurasian steppe zone. BAR Internat. Ser. 2238. — Oxford, 2011. — pp. 25–69. This paper attempts to summarize the research of the Pit–Grave culture kurgans (Yamnaya culture) done in the last 3 decades in Hungary. It is sure, that the first Eastern European...
Praehistorische Zeitschrift. — 2015. — No 90 (1–2) — pp. 114–140. Pit graves with evidence of specific burial rites excavated in the Balkans and the Carpathians have long been attributed to the Yamnaya culture. These burials, dated to between 3100 and 2500 cal BC, are mainly distributed in the eastern European steppe zone between the eastern Carpathians and the area bordering...
Praehistorische Zeitschrift. — 2015. — No 90 (1–2) — pp. 45–113. The Pit-Graves under burial mounds (Kurgans) of the Lower Danube region are being assessed in terms of their burial customs, funeral equipment, stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates. The latter comprise 17 recently performed AMS dates from Northern Muntenia, most of them yet unpublished. Two distinct burial groups...
Geochronometria. — 2011. — No 38 (2). — pp. 107-115. Bone catapult and hammer-headed pins played one of very specific roles in funerary offerings in the Bronze Age graves uncovered in the Eurasian Steppes and the North Caucasus. Scholars used different types of pins as key grave offerings for numerous chronological models. For the first time eight pins have been radiocarbon...
Journal of Indo-European Studies. — Volume 33, Number 3 & 4 — Fall/Winter 2005. — pp. 325-338. Excavations of a burial of the Yamnaya culture at Kutuluk have uncovered the remains of a large copper weapon analogous to both the later copper bar celts found in India and the vajra , the mythological weapon wielded by Indra.