Antiquity. — 1994. — Vol. 68, Issue 259. — pp. 406-418. Usually, the iconographic mythological elements known from the Oxus Civilization are analysed and interpreted by a framework of Indo-Iranian, Aryan or Elamite terminology. But the present approach is structuralist and therefore refrains from bestowing Zoroastrian or Elamite names on deities or devils. Structuralism is out...
MAFTUR (Mission Archéologique Franco-Turkmène Ministère des Affaires Étrangères). Scientific concept: Annie Caubet with contributions of G. Davtian, J.-F. Haquet, C. Hamon, J. Lhuillier, M. Mashkour and M. Tengberg. — Paris: Ginkgo éditeur, 2015. — 52 p. — ISBN: 978-2-84679-249-3. Ulug Depe - the ‘great mound’ in Turkmen - is one of the major archaeological sites in...
In: Jarrige C., Lefevre V. (eds). South Asian Archaeology. 2001. Volume I. Prehistory. — Paris, 2005. — pp. 191-200. In this article the importance of trade in the rise of the BMAC is emphasized, especially because of the existence of important tin sources around Bactria and Margiana, a metal that was highly prized in the Near East exactly at the time of BMAC, and because of...
Translated by Henry N. Michael. — Philadelphia: The University Museum University of Pennsylvania, 1988. — 170 p. + 88 illus. — (University Museum Monograph 55). — ISBN: 0-934718-54-7. The excavations at the Bronze Age site of Altyn-Depe in southwest Soviet Central Asia (Turkmenistan) have revealed an urban community dating to the Middle Bronze Age. The region of Turkmenistan...
University of Pennsylvania, 2003. — 70 p. — (Sino-Platonic Papers, 129). Recently discovered evidence suggests that there is a body of loan words preserved independently from each other in the oldest Indian and Iranian texts that reflects the pre-Indo-Iranian language(s) spoken in the areas bordering N. Iran and N. Afghanistan, i.e. the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex....
In: Ancient Near East and India. Studia Orientalia, Vol. 70. (Intercultural Religious Parallels. The Franco-Finnish Symposium 1990). — Paris, 1993. — Pp. 81-87. The discovery of a previously unknown Bronze Age culture in Bactria (North Afghanistan) and the adjacent Margiana (Merv in Turkmenistan) over the past fifteen years has opened up new possibilities for understanding what...
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Musical Acoustics, March 31st to April 3rd 2004 (ISMA2004). — Nara, Japan, 2004. — p. 124-127. The Oxus river (modern Amu Darya) flows near the border of northern Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan. Local excavations have produced numerous examples of trumpets dated 2200 — 1700 BCE. They are the earliest known extant...
Iranica Antiqua. — 2003. — Vol. XXXVIII. — p. 41-118. When the trumpets flourished, southern Bactria and Margiana were fertile regions irrigated by rivers flowing north from the Hindu Kush. Beyond the foothills the rivers spread into deltaic systems of rivulets and streams. The two principal systems are Margiana and Bactria, here collectively called the Oxus civilisation. It...
CuPAUAM (Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid). — 2013. — No 39 — pp. 21-63. The Oxus Civilization, also known as the Bactrian-Margaina Civilization, is center in the Murghab Oasis, Turkmenistan, and dated to 2200-1700 BC. Discovered by Victor Sarianidi in the 1970s, he continues his excavations on the +20 hectare site of Gonur depe. The Oxus...
Rivista di Archeologia. — 2007. — Vol. XXXI. — p. 11-28. A recently published book on the Adji Kui 9 Bronze Age site excavation (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan), deserves close inspection in the context of the 3rd millennium BC history and archaeology.
In S. Salvatori and M. Tosi (eds.) The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Margiana Lowlands: Facts and Methodological Proposals for a Redefinition of the Research Strategies (British Archaeological Reports. International Series 1806). — Oxford, 2008. — pp. 75-98. The remarkably vast spread of the Oxus Civilisation, which encompassed, starting from the Middle Bronze Age, the...
Journal of Archaeological Science. — 2011. — No 39.2 — p. 428-439. This paper investigates directional influences in the distribution of Bronze Age surface pottery in the northern Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan. Drawing upon a continuous dataset of pottery sherd counts obtained by intensive field survey, it examines the degree to which we can make sense of the archaeological...
Ancient Civilizations. — 2002. — Vol. 8, No. 1-2 — p. 107-178. Within the framework of the project known as "Archaeological Map of the Murghab Delta," between 1995 and 1997, several short study and check campaigns and limited reconnaissance work were carried out in areas that had been less intensively visited in previous seasons. In 1971, as well as continuing the...
In S. Salvatori and M. Tosi (eds.) The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Margiana Lowlands: Facts and Methodological Proposals for a Redefinition of the Research Strategies (British Archaeological Reports. International Series 1806). — Oxford, 2008. — pp. 57-74. The systematic survey carried out for the project of the “Archaeological Map of the Murghab Delta” considerably...
Rivista di Archeologia. — 1995. — Vol. XIX. — p. 5-37. The third joined excavation campaign of the "Centro Studi e Ricerche Ligabue" and the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Turkmenistan at the large graveyard which stretches to the west of the protohistoric site of Gonur-depe 1, has been carried out between August 24th and October 8th 1994. The main aims of this field...
Rivista di Archeologia. — 2003. — Vol. XXVII . — p. 5-20. A critical discussion of the main topics of Middle Bronze Age funerary archaeology of Margiana and the problem of Indo-Aryans revisited through the lens of steppe culture settlements and camp sites recently found and excavated in the region.
Rivista di Archeologia. — 1995. — Vol. XIX. — p. 38-55. In the last fifteen years ex-Soviet Central Asia raised to the role of a privileged archaeological area thanks to the growing interest of international scholarly community. This was surely due to the closing to archaeological research, since that time, of culturally and historically important large Central Asia regions...
East and West. — December 2000. — Vol. 50, No. 1/4 — pp. 97-145. It is worth mentioning that one of the most intriguing problems in the archaeology of Central Asia is still presented by the unusually varied archaeological assemblage which, since the early seventies, has flooded the antiquary market of Kabul and from there private collections and museums all over the world....
In S. Salvatori and M. Tosi (eds.) The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Margiana Lowlands: Facts and Methodological Proposals for a Redefinition of the Research Strategies (British Archaeological Reports. International Series 1806). — Oxford, 2008. — pp. 111-118. In October 2000, during the surveys performed within the Italian-Turkmen joint project “Archaeological Map of...
Papers on Anthropology. — 2008. — XVII. — pp. 169–183. The results of palaeopathological researches of a small osteological sample (29 skeletons) from the Gonur-Depe (South–East Turkmenistan) excavation – one of the largest Bronze Age archaeological sites of Central Asia are considered. Anthropological materials from the capital of the ancient country Margush – Gonur-Depe,...
In S. Salvatori and M. Tosi (eds.) The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Margiana Lowlands: Facts and Methodological Proposals for a Redefinition of the Research Strategies (British Archaeological Reports. International Series 1806). — Oxford, 2008. — pp. 31-39. The application of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to manage a large amount of data, like that coming from...
М.: Pentagraphic, 1998. — 335 p., 1802 fig. — ISBN: 9785932020012. The civil war in Afghanistan gave unparalleled impetus to the rapacious excavations of the burial mounds and graves of Ancient Bactria, once situated on the territory of modern-day Afghanistan. All kinds of funeral offerings -mostly seals and amulets decorated with intricate narrative images - have appeared on...
Bioarchaeology of the Near East. — 2013. — No 7 — p. 33-46. The results of a palaeopathological investigation of human skeletal remains from the excavations of one of the largest Bactria-Margiana archaeological complex (BMAC) sites Gonur-depe (3 rd –2 nd mill. BC, southeast Turkmenistan) are discussed. Inhumation burials from Gonur-depe derive from a large necropolis (mainly...
The Journal of Indo-European Studies. — Fall/Winter 1999. — Volume 27, Number 3 & 4 — p. 295-326. Research into the origins of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) indicates that it achieved its historical position after a migration of tribes from Southwest Asia to the oases of Central Asia. The BMAC provides the best candidate for early Indo-lranian expansions...
Bulletin of the Asia Institute. — 1994. — Vol. 8 — p. 27-36. Archaeological discoveries of the last two decades have clearly demonstrated the existence of an ancient Eastern-type culture in southern Bactria (northern Afghanistan) and Margiana (eastern Turkmenistan) in the second millennium b.c. The distinctive archaeological materials from this Bactria-Margiana Archaeological...
Journal of Field Archaeology. — 2014. — Vol. 39, No. 1 — p. 32-50. Excavations at Ojakly (site 1744) in the Murghab alluvial fan in Turkmenistan mark the first systematic collection of archaeological materials related to Bronze Age mobile pastoralists in the region, and the earliest evidence to date of their occupation patterns, subsistence practices, and ceramic production...
My Life is like the Summer Rose’: Maurizio Tosi e l’Archeologia come modo di vivere. — Archaeopress, 2014. — p. 193-202. New data obtained allow us to affirm that the flourishing of Gonur population originates from unconditional migration towards the alluvial fan of the Murghab river. Unlike the First Bronze Age craniological data from Gonur series show the considerable...
Miras (Ashgabad). — 2006. — No 1. — p. 128-132. During the autumn season of 2005, the Margiana archeological expedition of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Science conducted the work on determining the palace-temple complex boundary inside the surround wall. Most interesting excavations were made on the north-western shore of the main basin,...
Defining the Sacred. Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Ed. by Nicola Laneri. — Oxbow Books, 2015. — p. 13-23. Gonur Depe site is situated in South-eastern Turkmenistan in the Kara Kum desert, 85 km to the north of Bairamali city. It was discovered by Prof. Victor Sarianidi in 1972 along with more than 200 sites in the ancient delta of the Murghab...