Campbell R.D., Bagshaw M. Human Performance & Limitations in Aviation

Third Edition, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2002. 196 p. — ISBN: 0632059656Human error is cited as a major cause in over 70% of accidents, and it is widely agreed that a better understanding of human capabilities and limitations - both physical and psychological - would help reduce human error and improve flight safety.This book was first published when the UK Civil Aviation Authority introduced an examination in human performance and limitations for all private and professional pilot licences. Now the Joint Aviation Authorities of Europe have published a new syllabus as part of their Joint Aviation Requirements for Flight Crew Licensing.The book has been completely revised and rewritten to take account of the new syllabus. The coverage of basic aviation psychology has been greatly expanded, and the section on aviation physiology now includes topics on the high altitude environment and on health maintenance. Throughout, the text avoids excessive jargon and technical language.Human Factors: Basic ConceptsHuman Factors in Aviation
Competence and limitations
Becoming a competent pilot
Accident statistics
Flight safety conceptsBasic Aviation Physiology and Health MaintenanceThe Basics of Flight Physiology
The atmosphere
Composition
Altitude
The physical gas laws
The respiratory and circulation systems
Functional anatomy
The hypobaric environment
Hypoxia
Oxygen systems
Cabin pressurisation
Rapid decompression
Decompression sickness
Barotrauma
Hyperventilation
Effects of acceleration
The high altitude environment
Ozone
Cosmic radiation
Relative humidityMan and the Environment: The Sensory System
The central and peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
The autonomic nervous (vegetative) system
Workings of the nervous system
Vision
Functional anatomy of the eye
The visual field ± scanning techniques
Binocular and monocular vision
Night vision
Hearing
Functional anatomy of the ear
Flight related hazards to hearing
Effects of altitude change
Equilibrium
Functional anatomy of the vestibular system
Motion sickness
Integration of sensory inputs
Orientation
Sensory illusions and spatial disorientation
Vestibular illusions
Visual illusions
Approach and landing errors
Prevention of disorientationHealth and Hygiene
Personal hygiene
Common minor ailments
Colds
Influenza
Gastro-intestinal upset
Problem areas for pilot health
Hearing loss
Defective vision
Hypotension
Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Obesity
Nutrition
Tropical climates and epidemic disease
Intoxication
Tobacco
Alcohol
Drugs and self-medication
Toxic hazards
Carbon monoxide
Incapacitation during flight
Symptoms and causes
Operational coping procedures
Flying after SCUBA divingBasic Aviation PsychologyHuman Information Processing
Attention and vigilance
Perception
Perception illusions
Perceptual subjectivity
Memory
Short-term memory (sensory)
Long-term memory
Working memory
Motor memory (skills)
Response selection
Learning principles and techniques
MotivationHuman Error and Reliability
Reliability of human behaviour
Hypotheses of reality
Theory and model of human error
Error generation
Ergonomics
Economics
Social environmentDecision Making
Decision-making concepts
Structure phases
Limits
Risk assessment
Practical application of risk managementAvoiding and Managing Errors: Cockpit Management
Error management
Safety awareness
Risk area awareness
Error proneness
Error sources
Situational awareness
Multi-crew co-ordination
Co-operation
Group dynamics
Leadership and management styles
Individual duty and role
Advantages and disadvantages of team work
Communication
Communication models
Verbal and non-verbal communication
Communication barriers
Conflict managementPersonality
Personality and attitudes
Development
Environmental influences
Individual differences in personalityHuman Overload and Underload
Arousal
Stress
Stressors
Stress overload
Anxiety and its relationship to stress
Effects of stress
Stress management
Coping strategies
Sleep and fatigue
Stages of sleep
Performance and alertness
Management of fatigue
Preventative measuresAdvanced Cockpit Automation
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Automation complacency
Working concepts