Wauquier J.-P. (ed.) Petroleum Refining. Volume 1. Crude Oil, Petroleum Products, Process Flowsheets

Paris: Editions Technip, 1995. — 492 p. — ISBN: 2710806851.In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum.NomenclatureComposition of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products
Pure Components
Hydrocarbons
Non-Hydrocarbon Compounds
Compounds whose Chemistry is Incompletely Defined
Asphaltenes
Resins
Fractionation and Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils and Petroleum Cut
Preparatory and Analytical Fractionations
Distillation
Other Separations
Elemental Analysis
Some Definitions
Sampling
Analysis of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen
Oxygen Analysis
Sulfur Analysis
Analysis of Metals in Petroleum Cuts
Characterization of Crude Oils and Petroleum Fractions
Characterization of Crude Oils According to Dominant
Characteristics Based on Overall Physical Properties
Characterization of Crude Oils Using Specific Gravities of a Light Fraction and a Heavy Fraction
Characterization Factor, Kuop or Watson Factor K\y
Characterization of a Petroleum Cut by Refractive Index, Density, and Molecular Weight (ndM method)
Characterization of Crude Oils and Petroleum Fractions Based on Structural Analysis
Analysis by Hydrocarbon Family
Characterization of a Petroleum Fraction by Carbon Atom Distribution
Characterization of Petroleum Fractions by Chromatographic Techniques
Analysis of Permanent Gases and Noncondensable
Hydrocarbons by Gas Phase Chromatography
Analysis of Hydrocarbons Contained in a Gasoline by Gas Phase Chromatography
Specific Analysis for Normal Paraffins by Gas Phase Chromatography
Specific Detectors in Gas Phase Chromatography
Analysis by Fluorescent Indicator in Liquid Chromatography
Analysis of Aromatics in Diesel Motor Fuels by Liquid Chromatography
SARA Analysis of Heavy Fractions by Preparative Liquid Chromatography
Characterization of Petroleum Fractions Based on Chemical Reactions
Bromine Number
Maleic Anhydride Value
Methods for the Calculation of Hydrocarbon Physical Properties
Characterization Required for Calculating Physical Properties
Characteristics of Pure Hydrocarbons
Characterization of Petroleum Fractions
Characterization of Mixtures of Pure Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Fractions (Petroleum Cuts)
Basic Calculations of Physical Properties
Properties of Pure Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Fractions
Properties of Mixtures
Principle of Corresponding States
Properties of Liquids
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquids
Thermophysical Properties of Liquids
Properties of Gases
Thermodynamic Properties of Gases
Thermophysical Properties of Gases
Estimation of Properties Related to Phase Changes
Phase Equilibria for a Pure Hydrocarbon
Phase Equilibria for Mixtures
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria
Estimation of the Properties Used in Determining the Liquid-Liquid Equilibria
Estimation of Properties Needed to Determine Liquid-Solid Equilibria
Characteristics of Petroleum Products for Energy Use (Motor Fuels - Heating Fuels)
Properties Related to the Optimization of Combustion
Fundamentals of Thermochemistry
Gasoline Combustion and Corresponding
Quality Criteria
Diesel Fuel Characteristics Imposed by its Combustion Behavior
Combustion of Jet Fuels and Corresponding Quality Criteria
Characteristics of Special Motor Fuels
Home and Industrial Heating Fuels
Properties of Heavy Fuels
Properties Related to Storage and Distribution of Petroleum Products
Problems Related to the Storage and Distribution of Gasoline
Precautions to Observe for Diesel Fuel Use
Problems Related to Storage and Distribution of Jet Fuel
Problems Related to Storage of Heavy Fuels
Motor Fuels, Heating Fuels and Environmental Protection
Justification for Deep Desulfurization
Influence of the Chemical Composition of Motor Fuels and Heating Oils on the Environment
Characteristics of Non-Fuel Petroleum Products
Characteristics of Petroleum Solvents
Nomenclature and Applications
Desired Properties of Petroleum Solvents
Characteristics of Naphthas
Characteristics of Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products
Nomenclature and Applications
Properties Desired in Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products
Characteristics of Waxes and Paraffins
Desired Properties of Waxes and Paraffins Characteristics of Asphalts (Bitumen)
Classification of Bitumen
Bitumen Manufacture
Bitumen Applications
Desired Bitumen Properties
Other Products
White Oils
Aromatic Extracts
Coke
Standards and Specifications of Petroleum Products
Definitions of the Terms Specification and Standard
Organizations for Standardization
Recognized Professional Organizations
Official Standards Organizations
Evolution of the Standards and Specifications
Specifications for Petroleum Products in France
Evaluation of Crude Oils
Overall Physical and Chemical Properties of Crude Oils Related to Transport, Storage and Price
Specific Gravity of Crude Oils
Crude Oil Pour Point
Viscosity of Crude Oils
Vapor Pressure and Flash Point of Crude Oils
Sulfur Content of Crude Oils
Nitrogen Content of Crude Oils
Water, Sediment, and Salt Contents in Crude Oils
TBP Crude Oil Distillation - Analysis of Fractions
Graphical Representation of Analyses and Utilization of the Results
Graphical Representation
Using the Curves
Additives for Motor Fuels and Lubricants
Additives for Gasolines
Detergent Additives
Additives for Improving the Octane Number
Biocide Additives
Antistatic Additives
Additives for Diesel Fuels
Additives for Improving the Cetane Number of Diesel Fuels
Detergent Additives for Diesel Fuels
Additives for Improving Combustion and for Reducing Smoke and Soot Emissions
Additives for Improving the Cold Behavior of Diesel FuelAdditives for Lubricants
Additives Modifying the Rheological Properties of Lubricating Oils
Pour Point Depressants
Antioxidant Additives for Lubricants
Dispersant and Detergent Additives for Lubricants
Extreme-Pressure and Anti-Wear AdditivesIntroduction to Refining
Historical Survey of Refining
Separation Processes
Primary Distillation (Atmospheric Pressure) of Crude Oil
Secondary Distillation or Vacuum Distillation
Processing Vacuum Residue by Solvent Extraction (Deasphalting)
Other Separation Processes
Conversion Processes
Processes for the Improvement of Properties
Conversion Processes
Finishing Processes
Environmental Protection Processes
The Evolving Refinery Flowscheme
The Refinery from 1950 to 1970
The Refining Flow Diagram of the 1980s
The Refining Flowsheet of the 1990s
The Refining Configuration Beyond the Year 2000
Appendix 1 Principal Characteristics of Pure Components
Appendix 2 Principal Standard Test Methods for Petroleum Products