Kong T.T., Lomanto D. Atlas of Complicated Abdominal Emergencies Tips on Laparoscopic and Open Surgery, Therapeutic Endoscopy and Interventional Radiology Radiotherapy

Singapore: World Scientific, 2014. — 755 p.Role of the Accident & Emergency Department.
Recognition of the Sick Patient.
Approach to Non-traumatic Abdominal Pain.
Approach to Traumatic Abdominal Pain.
Ancillary Investigations in the ED.
Indications for Referral.Perioperative Management of Patients with Complicated Abdominal Emergencies.
Shock and Organ Perfusion.
Outcomes of Resuscitation.
How to Optimize a Patient Preoperatively.
Investigations.
Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement.
Hematological Therapy.
Coagulopathy.
Antibiotics.
Emergency Laparoscopic Surgery.
Risk Factors for Surgery.
Postoperative Care.
Intensive Care/High Dependency.
Sepsis Syndromes.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).
Blood transfusion and blood component therapy.
Postoperative Oliguria.
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT).
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
Nutrition.
Pros and cons of TPN.
Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage and Endoscopic Management.Management of Non-Variceal UpperGastrointestinal Bleeding.
Initial Management.
Risk stratifying upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Rockall score.
Glasgow – Blatchford score.
Medical Therapy.
Endoscopic Therapy.
Timing of endoscopy.
Epinephrine injection.
Thermal therapy.
Argon plasma coagulation.
Endoscopic clipping.
Failure of endoscopic therapy.Upper Gastrointestinal Variceal Haemorrhage and Endoscopic Management.Grading and Nomenclature of Varices.
Management of Variceal Bleeding.
Medical Management and Resuscitation.
Endoscopic Management.
Variceal band ligation.
Cyanoacrylate glue.
Endoscopic sclerotherapy.
Subsequent endoscopy.
Insertion of the Sengstaken – Blakemore tube.
Portosystemic shunts: TIPS and surgery.Interventional Radiology in the Management of Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage.Management Options.
Catheter Angiography.
CT Angiography.
Embolic Agents.
Difficulties.
Contraindications to Angiography/CT/Embolisation.
Complications of Angiography.
Indirect Bleeding.Bleeding Peptic Ulcer — Surgical Management.
I Indications.
Operative Strategy for Bleeding PepticUlcer.
II Preoperative Preparation.
III Operative Procedures for Bleeding Peptic Ulcers.
A Laparotomy and identifi cation of Siteof Haemorrhage.
B Over-Sewing a Bleeding Ulcer.
C Techniques for Problematical Duodenal Ulcer Bleeding.
D Key Points in Vagotomy-Drainage for Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer.
Pyloroplasty/gastroenterostomy.
Truncal vagotomy.
E Key Points in Billroth II Gastrectomy/ Vagotomy Antrectomy for Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer.
Ensure safe duodenal stump closure.
Dealing with problems related to the posterior duodenal ulcer penetrating the pancreas.
Mobilization of distal stomach.
Billroth II gastroenteral anastomosis.
Surgical Techniques for BleedingGastric Ulcer.
F Local Excision of Gastric Ulcer.
Key Points in Billroth I Gastrectomy for Bleeding Gastric Ulcer.
Incisional wound closure.
Postoperative care.Surgical Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Perforations.
Indications.
Preoperative Preparation.
Operative Treatment.
A Benign Duodenal Ulcer Perforation.
B Benign Gastric Ulcer Perforations.
C Surgery for Malignant Gastric Ulcer Perforation.Management of Complications Following Bariatric Surgery.General Complications.
Thromboembolism.
Atelectasis.
Nausea and Vomiting.
Wound Complications.
Acute Abdominal Complications.
Bleeding.
Leaks.
Treatment options for GJ leak.
Managing sleeve leak.
Stenosis and Stricture.
Gastric Band Slippage and Intestinal Obstruction.
Other Complications.
Gastric banding.
Gastric bypass.
Nutritional problems.
Surgery for Appendicitis.
Indications.
Operative Strategy of Acute Appendicitis.
Preoperative Preparation.
Surgery.
Open Appendectomy.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
Postoperative care.
Special Situations.
Emergency Surgery for Perforative Sigmoid Colonic Diverticulitis.Management of Acute Sigmoid Colonic Diverticulitis.
A Preoperative Management.
B Indications for Surgery.
C Options of Surgical Procedure.
Two-stage approach.
Single-stage approach.
Role of laparoscopic surgery in acute.
perforative sigmoid colonic diverticulitis.
D Important Considerations in the Techniques for Appropriate Resection.
E Position of Patient for Surgery.
F Perioperative Precautions and Preparation.
Intra-Operative Surgical Techniques.
An Incision and Laparotomy.
B Mobilization of the Sigmoidand Descending Colon.
C Identification of the Left Ureter.
Tips and tricks to help locate the ‘difficult’ left ureter.
Common sites of left ureteric injury during anterior resection.
D Splenic Flexure Take Down.
Tips and tricks to tackle difficult splenic flexure.
E Vascular Control.
Ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).
How to identify the IMA?
Ligation of the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV).
F Determination of the Proximal Transection Margin.
How to ensure adequate proximal bowel length for tension-free anastomosis.
G Determination of the Distal Transection Margin.
How to ensure that all the sigmoid colon is resected?
H Preparation for ColorectalAnastomosis.
On-table colonic lavage.
I Construction of the ColorectalAnastomosis.
How to ensure an optimal and safe colorectal anastomosis?
When is it not safe to anastomose?
J Completion of Surgery.
K Postoperation Care.Surgical Management of Obstructive Colorectal Malignancy.I Preoperative Management.
II Management Options.
III Endoscopic Colonic Stenting.
Indications.
IV Defunctioning Stoma.
Indications.
Postoperative Considerations.
V Resectional Surgery With or Without Primary Anastomosis.
VI Clinical Consideration after Surgery.Surgical Management of Acute Cholecystitis.
Definition.
Risk Factors for Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis.
Preoperative preparation.
Surgical Treatment.
Laparoscopic approach.ERCP in the Management of Cholangitis and Bile Duct Injuries.
Pre- ERCP Preparation.
ERCP for Choledocholithiasis.
ERCP in Malignancy Involving the Biliary Tract.
ERCP in Bile Duct Injuries.
Difficult Biliary Cannulation.
Post- ERCP Care.Surgical Management of Bile Duct & Pancreatic Emergencies.
A) Acute Cholangitis.
B) Acute Pancreatitis with or without Necrosis.
C) Bile Duct Injuries During Surgery.
D) Pancreatic Trauma.
E) ERCP Perforation.
Laparoscopic Drainage of Liver Abscess.
I Introduction.
II Management Strategy for LiverAbscesses.
III Operative Procedure Via Laparoscopic Approach.
IV Postoperative Management.
Special situations.
Final Note.
Interventional Radiology in the Management of Intra-Abdominal Abscess.Advantages of Radiological Drainage.
Disadvantages of Radiological Drainage.
Radiological Evaluation of the Abscess.
) Diagnosis of Abscess.
) Identify a Potential Cause for an Abscess.
) Determine the Drainability of an Abscess.
) Identifying the Complications from an Abscess.
) Aid Drainage Planning.
Patient Preparation for Radiological Drainage.
Role of RadiologicalIntervention.
Contraindications.
Technique.
Imaging Guidance.
Insertion of the Drain.
Drainage Catheter.
Tips on Drain Insertion and Maintenance.
Site-Specific Comments on Radiological Drainage of Intra-Abdominal Abscess.
Liver Abscess.
Subphrenic and Lesser Sac Abscess.
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy.
Pancreatic Collection/Abscess.
Pelvic Abscess.
Enteric Abscess.
Others.Management of Gynaecological Emergencies.
I Ectopic Pregnancy.
Operative procedures.
II Ruptured Tubo-Ovarian Abscess.
Preoperative.
Operative procedures.
Postoperative.
III Haemorrhage or LeakingOvarian Cyst and Adnexal Torsion.
An Adnexal torsion.
Preoperative — Benign Ovarian Cyst.
Laparoscopic intervention.
Laparoscopic ovarian oophorectomy.
Open Cystectomy.
Ureteric Injuries.Review of Anatomy and Exposure of the Ureter.
Repair of Bladder Injuries.
Basic Direct Anastomotic Repair of the Ureter.
Ureteroneocystostomy (Ureteric Reimplantation) and Psoas Hitch.
Boari Flap.
Other Manoeuvres.
Post-Operative Care.Ruptured and Leaking Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.
I General Principles of Management of Ruptured/Leaking As Include:
II Perioperative Care.
III Open Repair: Surgical Technique and Principles.
IV Mycotic Aneurysms.
V Endovascular Stenting ofRuptured/Leaking AAAs.
VI Post-Surgery Follow-up.
Management of Severe Blunt Abdominal Injury.
I Introduction and Indications.
II Preoperative Management.
III OT Preparation.
IV Operative Procedure.
Damage Control Mode.
Splenic Injuries.
Bowel Injuries.
Kidney Injuries.
Pancreatic Injuries.
Liver Injuries.
VI Postoperative Care.
V Wound Closure.
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Closure.Preoperative Planning.
Choice of Surgical Technique.
Operative Procedure.
Component Separation Technique.
Transposition of Rectus Sheath/Rectus Muscle.
Bilateral Skin Flap Advancement.
Use of Skin Grafts.
Use of Alloplastic Materials.
Flap Closure.
Adjunctions in Abdominal Wound Closure — Vacuum-Assisted Closure.
Postoperative Management.Abdominal Emergencies in Children.
Laparotomy.
Laparoscopy.
Interventional Radiology.
Air Enema.
Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction.
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.
Duodenal Atresia.
Duodenoduodenostomy.
Malrotation with Volvulus.
Intestinal Atresia.
Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD).
Anorectal Malformations.
Inguinal Hernia in Children.Instrumentation and Techniques in Emergency Laparoscopic Surgery.Benefits of Laparoscopy in Emergency.
Indications of Emergency Laparoscopy.
Instrumentation.
Instruments Required for Access and Exposure.
Instruments Required for ProcedureProper.
Instruments for Removal of Specimen.
Instruments for Port Closure.
Patient Position and OT Setup.
Dissection, Retraction a,nd Haemostasis.
Suggested Reading.