十万个为什么7（第6版动物） / 100,000 Whys 7 Animals

The sixth edition of "100,000 Whys" is edited by Academician Han Qide, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology.第六版《十万个为什么》由全国政协副主席、中国科学技术协会主席韩启德院士担任总主编， 110余位两院院士组成阵容强大的编委会，为新版《十万》的科学性、前沿性、权威性和可读性提供了*可靠的保证。全书分为基础、专题、热三大板块，涵盖了从数学、物理、化学到海洋、生物、医学等的共18个分册。全书共600万字，7000余幅彩色版权图片，收逾4500个代表科技发展前沿和青少年关心的热问题。新版《十万个为什么》更加注重思考过程，提倡科学精神，引导创造探索，通过“微问题”“微博士”“实验场”“关键词”“科学人”等小栏目激发青少年的好奇心和探究心理。 第六版《十万个为什么》在总结前五版的成功经验，并广泛征求各方面意见的基础上，综合考虑时代的发展和青少年读者的实际需要，将全书分为三大板块共18个分册 （1）基础板块：数学、物理、化学、天文、地球、生命； （2）专题板块：动物、植物、古生物、医学、建筑与交通、电子与信息； （3）热板块：大脑与认知、海洋、能源与环境、武器与国防、航天与航空、灾难与防护。 全书共600万字，7000余幅彩色图片，收4500个代表科技发展前沿和青少年关心的热问题。 新版《十万个为什么》在形式上适应当代青少年的阅读习惯，与国际上同类图书的*出版潮流相轨，首次推出彩色图文版，用大量的彩色图片向读者展示当代科技前沿的“美与魅”。内容上要具有鲜明的时代特色，重关注科技发展的前沿和当代青少年关心的热问题，如低碳、环保、网络等。书中的“为什么”通过各种形式向全国少年儿童征集，力求将当前孩子们*关心、*问的问题一网尽。同时，新版《十万个为什么》更加注重思考过程，提倡科学精神，引导创造探索，通过“微问题”“微博士”“实验场”“关键词”“科学人”等小栏目激发青少年的好奇心和探究心理。 【推荐语】 第六版《十万个为什么》将以全新的问题、全新的体系、全新的内容、全新的样式，以及数 字化时代全新的技术手段，再现《十万个为什么》每一版都曾有的辉煌，掀起中国科普出版和科学普及的又一个高潮。第六版《十万个为什么》的出版，必将引领更多青少年走向科学，使共和国涌现出更多的栋梁之材。 — — 韩启德（全国政协副主席，中国科学技术协会主席，病理生理学家，中国科学院院士，发展中国家科学院院士） 希望本书精心选择的问题，能帮助广大青少年读者增知识，阔视野，加深理解，启迪心智，在数学的学习与应用方面如虎添翼。 — — 李大潜（数学家，中国科学院院士，欧洲科学院院士，法国科学院外籍院士，发展中国家科学院院士） 本书包含了生活中许多有趣的物理知识，展示了物理学的现状和前景，有利于青少年提升科学素养，增强创新意识。 — — 沈文庆（实验核物理学家，中国科学院院士） 化学分子，无处不在，变化无穷，奥秘无限。创造、创新是化学永恒的主题！ — — 赵东元（物理化学家，中国科学院院士，发展中国家科学院院士） 【作者】 总主编： 韩启德，全国政协副主席，《十万个为什么》第六版总主编，病理生理学家，中国科学院院士，十一届全国人大常委会副委员长，九三学社中央主席，中国科学 技术协会主席。 分册主编： 李大潜，《数学》分册主编，数学家，中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士、法国科学院外籍院士。曾任复旦大学研究生院院长、中国数学会副理事长、上海市科协副主席。 沈文庆，《物理》分册主编，实验核物理学家，中国科学院院士，现任国家自然科学基金委员会副主任。曾任上海市科协主席、中国科学院上海分院院长、中国核物理学会理事长。 赵东元，《化学》分册主编，物理化学家，中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士。主要从事介孔材料合成、结构和机理的物理化学及其催化研究。现任《科学通报》执行副主编。 陈宜瑜，《动物》分册主编，动物学家，中国科学院院士，现任国家自然科学基金委员会主任、中国动物学会理事长，鱼类学研究的权威。 陈晓亚，《植物》分册主编，植物生理学家，中国科学院院士。现任中国科学院上海生命科学院院长、植物分子遗传国家重实验室主任、中国植物生理学会常务副理事长。 汤钊猷，《医学》分册主编，肿瘤外科专家，中国工程院院士。在肝癌临床诊治和基础性研究方面成就显著。 曾溢滔，《生命》分册主编，遗传学家，中国科学院院士，上海交通大学医学院教授，上海医学遗传研究所所长。我国基因诊断的主要拓者。 杨雄里，《大脑与认知》分册主编，生理学家，中国科学院院士。主要研究视网膜神经元回路的信号传递、调制的基础及其机制。现任复旦大学脑科学研究院院长。 周忠和，《古生物》分册主编，古生物学家，中国科学院院士，美国科学院外籍院士。孔子鸟化石的发现者之一，主要从事中生代鸟类与热河生物群的研究，现任中国古生物学会副理事长。 王绶琯，《天文》分册主编，天文学家，中国科学院院士。中国现代天体物理学的奠基者之一。曾任中国科学院北京天文台台长、名誉台长，中国科学院数学物理学部主任。 方成，《天文》分册主编，天体物理学家，中国科学院院士。曾任中国天文学会理事长，国家攀登计划首席科学家。 刘嘉麒，《地球》分册主编，地质学家，中国科学院院士。中国科普作家协会理事长，我国火山和玛珥湖古气候研究领域的主要学术带头人。 汪品先，《海洋》分册主编，海洋地质学家，中国科学院院士，同济大学海洋与地球科学学院教授，曾任国际海洋研究科学委员会副主席、中国海洋研究委员会主席。 欧阳自远，《航空与航天》分册主编，天体化学与地球化学家，中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士、国际宇航科学院院士。中国月球探测工程首席科学家，被誉为“嫦娥之父”。 褚君浩，《能源与环境》分册主编，半导体物理和器件专家，中国科学院院士，现任中国科学院上海技术物理研究所科技委副主任，上海科普作家协会理事长。 郑时龄，《建筑与交通》分册主编，建筑学家，中国科学院院士，法国建筑科学院院士。同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授。曾任中国建筑学会副理事长，上海建筑学会理事长。 吴启迪，《电子与信息》分册主编，智能控制专家，中共第十六届中央候补委员。曾任中华人民共和国*副部长、同济大学校长等职。 王越，《武器与国防》分册主编，信息系统专家、雷达专家，中国科学院院士，中国工程院院士。曾任中国兵器工业第二○六研究所所长、北京理工大学校长、中国兵工学会副理事长等。 黄培康，《武器与国防》分册主编，电子技术专家，中国工程院院士，我国雷达目标特性领域带头人，曾任航天二院科技委副主任。 俞大光，《武器与国防》分册主编，理论电工和电子工程专家，中国工程院院士，中国工程物理研究院专家委员会研究员，曾担任中国工程物理研究院副院长、科技委副主任。 马宗晋，《灾难与防护》分册主编，地质学家、减灾专家，中国科学院院士，中国地震局地质研究所名誉所长，国家科技部国家计委国家经贸委自然灾害综合研究组组长。More than 110 academicians from the two academies form a strong editorial committee, which provides the most reliable guarantee for the scientificity, cutting-edge, authoritativeness and readability of the new edition of "100,000 Whys". The book is divided into three major sections: basic, special, and hot, covering a total of 18 volumes from mathematics, physics, chemistry to oceanography, biology, medicine, etc. The book has a total of 6 million words, more than 7,000 color copyrighted pictures, and more than 4,500 hot issues representing the forefront of scientific and technological development and the concerns of young people. The new edition of "100,000 Whys" pays more attention to the thinking process, advocates the scientific spirit, guides creative exploration, and stimulates the curiosity and exploration psychology of young people through small columns such as "micro problems", "micro doctors", "experimental field", "keywords", and "scientific people". The sixth edition of "100,000 Whys" summarizes the successful experience of the first five editions, and on the basis of extensive solicitation of opinions from all parties, comprehensively considers the development of the times and the actual needs of young readers, and divides the book into three major sections with a total of 18 volumes: (1) Basic section: mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth, life; (2) Special section: animals, plants, paleontology, medicine, architecture and transportation, electronics and information; (3) Hot section: brain and cognition, ocean, energy and environment, weapons and national defense, aerospace and aviation, disaster and protection. The book has a total of 6 million words, more than 7,000 color pictures, and collects 4,500 hot issues representing the forefront of scientific and technological development and the concerns of young people. The new edition of "100,000 Whys" is adapted to the reading habits of contemporary young people in terms of form, and is in line with the latest publishing trend of similar books in the world. It is the first time to launch a color illustrated version, using a large number of color pictures to show readers the "beauty and charm" of the forefront of contemporary science and technology. The content should have distinct contemporary characteristics, focusing on the forefront of scientific and technological development and the hot issues of contemporary young people, such as low carbon, environmental protection, and the Internet. The "whys" in the book are collected from children across the country in various forms, striving to cover all the questions that children are most concerned about and most ask. At the same time, the new edition of "100,000 Whys" pays more attention to the thinking process, advocates the scientific spirit, guides creative exploration, and stimulates the curiosity and exploration psychology of young people through small columns such as "Micro Questions", "Micro Doctors", "Experimental Fields", "Keywords", and "Scientists". [Recommendation] The sixth edition of "100,000 Whys" will reproduce the glory that every edition of "100,000 Whys" has had with new questions, a new system, new content, a new style, and new technical means in the digital age, and set off another climax in China's popular science publishing and popularization of science. The publication of the sixth edition of "100,000 Whys" will surely lead more young people to science and make more pillars of the Republic emerge. — — Han Qide (Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, Pathophysiologist, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World) I hope that the carefully selected questions in this book can help young readers increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, deepen their understanding, enlighten their minds, and add wings to the learning and application of mathematics. — — Li Daqian (mathematician, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, academician of the European Academy of Sciences, foreign academician of the French Academy of Sciences, academician of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World) This book contains a lot of interesting physical knowledge in life, shows the current situation and prospects of physics, and is conducive to young people to improve their scientific literacy and enhance their sense of innovation. — — Shen Wenqing (experimental nuclear physicist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) Chemical molecules are everywhere, with endless changes and infinite mysteries. Creation and innovation are the eternal themes of chemistry! — — Zhao Dongyuan (physical chemist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, academician of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World) [Author] Chief Editor: Han Qide, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chief Editor of the Sixth Edition of "100,000 Whys", pathophysiologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Jiusan Society, and Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology. Volume Editor: Li Daqian, editor-in-chief of the "Mathematics" volume, mathematician, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, and foreign academician of the French Academy of Sciences. He was once the Dean of the Graduate School of Fudan University, Vice Chairman of the Chinese Mathematical Society, and Vice Chairman of the Shanghai Association for Science and Technology. Shen Wenqing, editor-in-chief of the Physics section, experimental nuclear physicist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and currently deputy director of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He was formerly chairman of the Shanghai Association for Science and Technology, president of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and president of the Chinese Society of Nuclear Physics. Zhao Dongyuan, editor-in-chief of the Chemistry section, physical chemist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He is mainly engaged in the physical chemistry and catalytic research of the synthesis, structure and mechanism of mesoporous materials. He is currently the executive deputy editor-in-chief of Science Bulletin. Chen Yiyu, editor-in-chief of the Animal section, zoologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, currently director of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, president of the Chinese Society of Zoology, and an authority on ichthyology. Chen Xiaoya, editor-in-chief of the Plant section, plant physiologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is currently president of the Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, and executive vice president of the Chinese Society of Plant Physiology. Tang Zhaoyou, editor-in-chief of the Medicine section, tumor surgery expert, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He has made remarkable achievements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer and basic research. Zeng Yitao, editor-in-chief of Life, geneticist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, professor of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and director of Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics. He is a major pioneer of genetic diagnosis in my country. Yang Xiongli, editor-in-chief of Brain and Cognition, physiologist, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He mainly studies the basis and mechanism of signal transmission and modulation of retinal neuronal circuits. He is currently the dean of the Institute of Brain Science at Fudan University. Zhou Zhonghe, editor-in-chief of Paleontology, paleontologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences. He is one of the discoverers of the Confuciusornis fossil, mainly engaged in the study of Mesozoic birds and Jehol Biota, and is currently the vice president of the Chinese Paleontological Society. Wang Shouguan, editor-in-chief of Astronomy, astronomer, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is one of the founders of modern astrophysics in China. He was the director and honorary director of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the director of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fang Cheng, editor-in-chief of Astronomy, astrophysicist, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was the president of the Chinese Astronomical Society and the chief scientist of the National Climbing Program. Liu Jiaqi, editor-in-chief of the Earth section, geologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chairman of the China Science Writers Association, and the main academic leader in the field of volcano and Maar Lake paleoclimate research in my country. Wang Pinxian, editor-in-chief of the Ocean section, marine geologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, professor of the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences of Tongji University, former vice chairman of the International Scientific Committee for the Study of the Ocean and chairman of the China Council for the Study of the Ocean. Ouyang Ziyuan, editor-in-chief of the Aeronautics and Astronautics section, astrochemist and geochemist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, and academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. Chief scientist of China's lunar exploration project, known as the "Father of Chang'e". Chu Junhao, editor-in-chief of the Energy and Environment section, semiconductor physics and device expert, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, currently deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and chairman of the Shanghai Science Writers Association. Zheng Shiling, editor-in-chief of the Architecture and Transportation section, architect, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the French Academy of Architecture. Professor of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University. He was the Vice President of the Architectural Society of China and the President of the Shanghai Architectural Society. Wu Qidi, the Editor-in-Chief of the Electronics and Information section, an expert in intelligent control, and an alternate member of the 16th CPC Central Committee. He was the Vice Minister of the People's Republic of China and the President of Tongji University. Wang Yue, the Editor-in-Chief of the Weapons and National Defense section, an information system expert and radar expert, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was the Director of the 206th Institute of China Ordnance Industry, the President of Beijing Institute of Technology, and the Vice President of the China Ordnance Society. Huang Peikang, the Editor-in-Chief of the Weapons and National Defense section, an electronic technology expert, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a leader in the field of radar target characteristics in my country, and the former Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Second Academy of Aerospace. Yu Daguang, the Editor-in-Chief of the Weapons and National Defense section, an expert in theoretical electrical and electronic engineering, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a researcher of the Expert Committee of the China Academy of Engineering Physics, and the former Vice President and Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the China Academy of Engineering Physics. Ma Zongjin is the editor-in-chief of the "Disasters and Protection" volume, a geologist and disaster reduction expert, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, honorary director of the Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, and leader of the Comprehensive Research Group on Natural Disasters of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Planning Commission, and the National Economic and Trade Commission.