Etter P.C. Underwater Acoustic Modelling and Simulation

Spon Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2003. - 447 p. ISBN: 0203419103 0419262202 9780419262206Third EditionThis book examines the translation of our physical understanding of sound into mathematical models that can simulate acoustic propagation, noise and reverberation in the sea. The book provides useful guidance to systems engineers and operations analysts interested in simulating sonar performance.The book have provided invaluable guidance to sonar technologists, acoustical oceanographers and applied mathematicians in the selection and application of underwater acoustic models.
Guidelines for selecting and using available propagation, noise and reverberation models are highlighted. Specific examples of each type of model are discussed to illustrate model formulations, assumptions and algorithm efficiency. Instructive case studies demonstrate applications in sonar simulation.Measurements and prediction
Developments in modeling
Advances in simulation
Operational challenges
Inverse acoustic sensing of the oceans
Standard definitions
Acoustical oceanographyPhysical and chemical properties
Sound speed
Boundaries
Dynamic features
Biologies
Propagation I: observations and physical modelsNature of measurements
Basic concepts
Sea-surface boundary
Sea-floor boundary
Attenuation and absorption in sea water
Surface ducts
Deep-sound channel
Convergence zones
Reliable acoustic path
Shallow-water ducts
Arctic half-channel
Coherence
Propagation II: mathematical models (Part One)Theoretical basis for propagation modeling
Ray-theory models
Norma I-mode models
Multipath expansion models
Fast-field models
Parabolic equation models
The RAYMODE model a specific example
Numerical model summaries
Propagation II: mathematical models (Part Two)Surface duct models
Shallow-water duct models
Arctic models
Data support requirements
Special applications and inverse techniques
Noise I: observations and physical modelsNoise sources and spectra
Depth dependence
Directionality
Arctic ambient noise
Acoustic daylight
Geoacoustic inversion
Noise II: mathematical modelsTheoretical basis for noise modeling
Ambient-noise models
The RANDI model a specific example
The noise notch
Beam-noise statistics models
Data support requirements
Numerical model summaries
Reverberation I: observations and physical modelsVolume reverberation
Boundary reverberation
Inversion techniques
Reverberation II: mathematical modelsTheoretical basis for reverberation modeling
Cell-scattering models
The REVMOD model a specific example
Bistatic reverberation
Point-scattering models
Numerical model summaries
Sonar performance modelsSonar equations
The NISSM model a specific example
Model operating systems
Data sources and availability
Numerical model summaries
Model evaluationPast evaluation efforts
Analytical benchmark solutions
Quantitative accuracy assessments
The POSSM experience a specific example
Evaluation guidelines
Documentation standards
SimulationHierarchical levels
Simulation infrastructure
High-level architecture
Testbeds
Applications
Appendix A: Abbreviations and acronyms
Appendix B: Glossary of terms
Appendix C: Websites