Smith P. Architecture in a climate of change

Elsevier, 2005. — 295 p. — ISBN 0 7506 65440.Foreword.

Introduction
Climate change – nature or human nature?
The carbon cycle.
The greenhouse effect.
Climate change – the paleoclimate record.
Causes of climate fluctuation.
The evidence.
Predictions
Recent uncertainties.
What is being done?
The outlook for energy.
The nuclear option.
Renewable technologies – the marine environment
The UK energy picture.
Energy from rivers and seas.
Hydroelectric generation.
Small-scale hydro.
‘Run of river’ systems.
Tidal energy.
Renewable technologies – the wider spectrum
Passive solar energy.
Active solar.
Solar thermal electricity.
The parabolic solar thermal concentrator.
Photovoltaics.
Wind power.
Biomass and waste utilisation.
Hydrogen.
Nuclear power.
Low energy techniques for housing
Construction systems.
Solar design.
Types of solar thermal collector.
Windows and glazing.
Insulation
The range of insulation options.
High and superinsulation.
Transparent insulation materials.
Insulation – the technical risks.
Domestic energy
Photovoltaic systems.
Micro-combined heat and power (CHP).
Fuel cells.
Embodied energy and materials.
8 Advanced and ultra-low energy houses.
The Beddington Zero Energy Development – BedZED.
The David Wilson Millennium Eco-House.
Demonstration House for the Future, South Wales.
The prospects for wood.
The external environment.
Summary checklist for the energy efficient design of dwellings.
Report by Arup Research and Development for the DTI’s Partners in Innovation Programme 2004.
Harvesting wind and water
Small wind turbines.
Types of small-scale wind turbine.
Building integrated systems.
Conservation of water in housing.
Domestic appliances.
Existing housing: a challenge and opportunity
The remedy.
Case study.
Low energy techniques for non-domestic buildings.
Design principles.
Environmental considerations in the design of offices.
Passive solar design.
Ventilation
Natural ventilation.
Internal air flow and ventilation.
Unassisted natural ventilation.
Mechanically assisted ventilation.
Cooling strategies.
Evaporative cooling.
Additional cooling strategies.
The ecological tower.Air conditioning.
Energy options
The fuel cell.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC).
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).
Alkaline fuel cell (AFC).
Moltel carbonate fuel cell (MCFC).
Storage techniques – electricity.
Photovoltaic applications.
Heat pumps.
Energy storage – heating and cooling.
Seasonal energy storage.
Electricity storage.
Building management systems.
Tools for environmental design.
Report by Arup Research and Development for the DTI’s Partners in Innovation Programme 2004.
Lighting – designing for daylight
Design considerations.
The atrium.
Light shelves.
Prismatic glazing.
Light pipes.
Holographic glazing.
Solar shading.
Lighting – and human failings
Photoelectric control.
Glare.
Dimming control and occupancy sensing.
Switches.
System management.
Air conditioned offices.
Lighting – conditions for success.
Summary of design considerations.
Cautionary notes
Why do things go wrong?
High profile. Low profile.
The ‘high-tech demand’.
Operational difficulties.
Building related illness.
Inherent inefficiencies.
Common architectural problems.
Common engineering problems.
Avoiding air conditioning – the issues.
Common failures leading to energy waste.
The human factor.
Summary of recommendations.Life-cycle assessment and recycling
Waste disposal.
Recycling.
Life-cycle assessment.
Whole life costing.
Eco-materials.
External finishes.
Paints.
Materials and embodied energy.
Low energy Conference Centre, Earth Centre, Doncaster.
Recycling strategy checklist.
State of the art case studies
The National Assembly for Wales.
Zuckermann Institute for Connective Environmental Research (ZICER).
Social housing.
Beaufort Court, Lillie Road, Fulham, London, 2003.
Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED).
Beaufort court renewable energy centre zero emissions building.
Integrated district environmental design
Ecological City of Tomorrow, Malmo, Sweden.
Towards the less unsustainable city.
An American perspective
Glenwood Park, Atlanta, Georgia.
Emergent technologies and future prospects.
Energy for the future.
Next generation solar cells.
Artificial photosynthesis.
Energy storage.
Hydrogen storage.
Flywheel technology.
Advances in lighting.
The photonic revolution.
Smart materials.
Smart fluids.
Socio-economic factors.
Appendix 1 Key indicators for sustainable design.
Appendix 2 An outline sustainability syllabus for designers.