Minsky Marvin. Semantic Information Processing

The MIT Press, 1968. — 452 p. — ISBN: 9780262130448, 0262130440.This book collects a group of experiments directed toward making intelligent machines. Each of the programs described here demonstrates some aspect of behavior that anyone would agree requires some intelligence, and each program solves its kinds of problems. These include resolving ambiguities in word meanings, finding analogies between things, making logical and nonlogical inferences, resolving inconsistencies in information, engaging in coherent discourse with a person, and building internal models for the representation of newly acquired information. Each of the programs has serious limitations, but the chapter authors provide clear perspectives for viewing both the achievements and limitations of their programs. But what is much more important than what these particular programs achieve are the methods they use to achieve what they do.Introduction, Marvin L. Minsky
Survey.
Organization of the Book.
Artificial Intelligence and its Cybernetic Background.
The Period between 1955 and.
Formality.
Generality.
Learning.
Knowledge.
Grammar, Syntax, and Parsing Programs.
Machine Translation of Languages.
How Much Semantic?
Relevance and Structure.
Practical Problems of Mechanizing Large Models.
SIR: A Computer Program for Semantic Information Retrieval, Bertram RaphaelSemantic Information Retrieval Systems.
Representations for Semantic Information.
SIR Treatment of Restricted Natural Language.
Behavior and Operation of SIR.
Formalization and Generalization of SIR.Natural Language Input for a Computer Problem-Solving System, Daniel G. BobrowSemantic generation and Analysis of Discourse.
Programming Formalisms, and Language Manipulation.
Transformation of English to the STUDENT Deductive Model.
Storage of Global Information.
Solution of Simultaneous Equations.Semantic Memory, M. Ross Quillian
The Role of Semantic Memory.
The Memory Model.
Use of the Memory Model in a Simulation Program.
The Memory Model as Basis for a Theory of How People Comprehend Language.
Some Final Implications and Relations to Linguistic Theory.
A Program for the Solution of Geometric־Analogy Intelligence Test Questions, Thomas G. EvansThe Complete Solution Process: Two Examples.
Analogy: Part.
Analogy: Part.
Results and Discussion.A Deductive Question-Answering System, Fischer BlackStatement, Question, and Answer.
Deduction.
Stopping Endless Deduction.
Avoiding Endless Deduction.
Examples.
Efficiency.
Programs with Common Sense, John McCarthy
The Advice Taker.
Situation, Actions, and Causal Laws.
Descriptive Languages and Problem-Solving, Marvin L. Minsky.The Need for Analysis.Matter, Mind, and Models, Marvin L. MinskyKnowledge and Models.
Models of Models.
Dimorphism of our World Models.
The Central Argument: Belief in Dualism.
Heuristic Value of Quasi-Separate Models.
Interpreters.
Free Will.