Große C.S., Drechsler R. Information Storage: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

New York: Springer, 2020. — 246 p.This book examines some of the underlying processes behind different forms of information management, including how we store information in our brains, the impact of new technologies such as computers and robots on our efficiency in storing information, and how information is stored in families and in society. The editors brought together experts from a variety of disciplines. While it is generally agreed that information reduces uncertainties and that the ability to store it safely is of vital importance, these authors are open to different meanings of “information”: computer science considers the bit as the information block; neuroscience emphasizes the importance of information as sensory inputs that are processed and transformed in the brain; theories in psychology focus more on individual learning and on the acquisition of knowledge; and finally sociology looks at how interpersonal processes within groups or society itself come to the fore. The book will be of value to researchers and students in the areas of information theory, artificial intelligence, and computational neuroscience.Background: Information Processing and Storage in the Brain
Some Problems That Have to Be Solved: From Outside Objects to Meaningful Internal Representations
Methods to Investigate the Brain: From Behavior and Patient Studies to Anatomy, Histology, EEG, and Single Cells
Collecting and Selecting Information About the Outer World
Processing Times in Brains Versus Computers
Information Storage in the Brain as Studied Behaviorally
Patient Studies: Structural (Brain) Defects Leading to Behavioral Disabilities
Anatomy: Segmentation and Specialization of Human Cortex
Histology: The Elements of Brains — Neurones
Electrophysiology: From Generator Potentials to Orderly Cortical Representations
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Window into the Functioning Human Brain
Stimulating the Cortex
Elementary Properties of Single Neurons
Ultra-Short-Term Storage: Tetanic Stimulation and the Prefrontal, Parietal, and Inferior Temporal Cortex
Medium-Term Information Storage: The Hippocampus
Long-Term Storage of Information: Building and Destroying Synapses
Modeling
A Short ConclusionVerbal Short-Term Memory: Insights in Human Information StorageStore-Based Approach
Interference-Based Approach
Perceptual-Gestural Approach
Insights from Empirical Studies
The Impact of Nonverbal Concurrent Tasks on Verbal Short-Term Memory
Theta-Burst Stimulation of Broca's Area Modulates Verbal Short-Term Memory
A New Approach to Modality Effects in Verbal Serial Recall: Meeting the Challenge of Explaining a Visual Mid-List AdvantageRRAM: A Technology for Memory and Computation
Material Implication (IMP)
Built-In Majority Operation (RM)
Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs)
Homogeneous Logic Representations for Circuits
Realization of Multiplexer Using RRAM Devices
Design Methodology for BDD-Based Synthesis
Design Methodology for AIG-Based Synthesis
Realization of Majority Gate Using RRAM Devices
Design Methodology for MIG-Based Synthesis
Logic-In-Memory Computer ArchitectureApproximate Memory: Data Storage in the Context of Approximate Computing
Preliminaries
SRAM Cells
Caches
Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM)
Structure of DRAM
Operation Modes of DRAM
Data Partitioning
Approximate Memory
Relaxed Cache: Relaxing Manufacturing Guard Bands in Memories for Energy Saving
Approximate DRAM
Flikker
ProACtInformation System for Storage, Management, and Usage for Embodied Intelligent Systems
Mastering Everyday Activities
Information Usage in Everyday Activities
An Information System for Embodied Agents
Structure of Everyday Activities
An Interface Layer for Embodied Agents
Episodic Memories of Everyday Activities
Body Representation in Everyday Activities
Environment Representation in Everyday Activities
Learning from Episodic Memories
Inner World Reasoning
Information Storage and Management InfrastructureCollective and Cultural Memory
Family Memory
Central Questions
Researching Family Memory in Media and Communication Studies
Interviews
Group Discussions
(Mediated) Memories of MigrationCultural Memory
Practices of Memory
Liveness, Presence, and Immediacy
Fixity Versus Connectivity
Media Convergence and Flows of Memory
New Directions for Studying Screen Culture
Aleida Assmann's Model of Cultural Memory
Television and Screen Culture Today as Cultural Memory
The “Working” Memory: Creators' Pre-structuring of Screen Practices
The “Reference” Memory: Archive and RepertoireBackground: The Irreversibility of Archival Losses
Specific Mindsets
Scarcity of Resources
Loss by Usage
Unauthorized Action
Present Attitude of Preservation Between Indoctrination and Change of Consciousness
Measures for Long-Term Archiving
In the Race Against Time: Materialized Television Between Decay and Format Clutter
The Digital Future: Forced Paradigm Shift or the Solution of All Problems?
“Spread the Burden”: Cooperative Solutions for an Uncertain Future