Kindleberger Charles P. A Financial History of Western Europe

George Allen and Unwin, 1986. — 546 p.Comparative Financial History
Finance
War Finance
Issues of Relevance
Old Controversies
Chronologies, Glossary, Rates of Exchange
Chronologies
Wars
Monetary Events
Banking Landmarks
Financial Events
Money
Introduction to Part One
The Evolution .of Money in Western Europe
The Functions of Money
Monetary Evolution
Coin
Output of Precious Metals
The Age of Discovery
The Quantity Theory of Money
Debasement
The Price Revolution?
Seignorage
Mercantilism
Bullionism
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Bank Money
Trade and Finance
Fairs
The Bill or Exchange
Usury
Italian Banking
The Hanseatic League
South Germany
Public Banks
The Riksbank (Bank of Sweden)
Goldsmiths
Early Banks in England
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Bimetallism and the Emergence of the Gold Standard
More than One Money
Theory of Bimetallism
Gresham's Law
Beginnings of the Gold Standard in Britain
Bimetallism in France
Suspension of Convertibility in Britain, 1797
The Bullion Report, 1810
Resumption, 1819
Central Bank Cooperation
California, 1849; Australia, 1851
The Latin Monetary Union
Universal Money
International Monetary Conference, 1878
The Gold Standard from 1880 to 1914
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Banking
Introduction to Part Two
English and Scottish Banking
The Eighteenth Century
London Banks
Clearing
Country Banks
Merchant Banking
Scottish Banks
Bank of England Branches
Joint-Stock Banking
Building a Network
Bank of England Discount Policy
The Lender of Last Resort
Loans to Industry
Suggested Supplementary Reading
French Banking
The Switch from Lyons to Paris
John Law
Caisse d'Escompte
Assignats
The Bank of France
Saint-Simonism
Jacques Laffitte
Caisse Generale du Commerce et de l'Industrie
Regional Banks of Issue
The Bank of France at Mid-Century
The Pereires and the Credit Mobilier
The Bank of France as Stimulator of French Growth in the 1850s
Credit Foncier and Credit Agricole
Deposit Banks
Banque d'affaires
Union Generale
Money and Banking in France
Suggested Supplementary Reading
German Banking
Mosaic Germany
Prussia
Integrating the Coinage
Private Banks
Great Banks
The Construction Boom
The ReichsbankConstruction of the Banking Network
'D' Banks
Relations with Industry
Other Banks
Notes on Neighboring Countries
Austria
Sweden
Switzerland
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Italian and Spanish Banking
Italy
Italy before Unification
The First Wave of Foreign Banks
II Corso Forzoso (forced circulation)
Evaluating the Success of Franco-Italian Banks
The Crisis of 1885 -93
German Banking in Italy
1907
Spain
Bank of St Charles
The Bank of San Fernando
The Boom of 1856-66
Modernizing the Monetary System
Lessons of the Italian and Spanish Cases
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Finance
Introduction to Part Three
Government Finance
Financial Revolution
Dutch Finance
The Power to Tax in England
Offices and Honors in England
Tax Farming
Funding English Debt
The Total Funded Debt
Sinking Fund
Debt Conversion
French Rentes
Offices and Tax Farming in France
Chambers of Justice
Reforming the System
Prussia
The Nineteenth Century
Taxation, Borrowing, Selling Assets
Financial Institutions and the Socio-Political Matrix
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Private Finance, Individuals and Families
Sources and Forms of Private Wealth
Land
Gambling
Land as Investment
Merchants
The Family
Insurance
Taking Care of Old Age and of Posterity
Trustee Securities
Wealth
Nabobs
Capital Needs of the Industrial Revolution
The Family Firm
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Private Finance-The Corporation
Partnership and Commenda
Joint-Stock Company
Canal Mania
Companies Prior to the Railroad
Provincial Stock Exchanges
Railway Booms
General Incorporation
Swedish Incorporation
British Experience with Incorporation
The Macmillan Gap
Did the London Capital Market Handicap British Industry?
French Joint-Stock Enterprise
French Railroads
The Venal Press
Germany
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Foreign Investment-Dutch, British, French and German
Experience to 1914
Foreign Lending
Dutch Foreign Lending
The Seventeenth Century
The Eighteenth Century
The Switch from English to French Securities
Horizons and Channels
English Foreign Lending
The Baring Indemnity Loans
The 1820s
The 1830s
The 1840s
The 1850s and 1860s
1873 to 1896
French Foreign Lending
Lending to Czarist Russia
German Foreign Lending
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Transfer Cases
Redeeming the Fortress of Alvsborg
Pallavicino and the 50,000 ecu subsidy
Bringing a Fortune Home from India
The Spanish Indemnity of NapoleonBritish Subsidies for the Peninsular Campaign
The Franco-Prussian IndemnitySetting the Indemnity
Mode of Payment
The Paris Indemnity
Paying the 5 Billion
The First Thiers Rente
The Second Thiers Rente
Effects
Real Transfer
Automatic Functioning of Markets
US Purchase of Panama Canal Company for $40 million
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Foreign Lending-Political and Analytical Aspects
Channels and their Shifts
Political Rivalry
Imperialism
Bankers and War
Push or Pull?
The Outlier
Small, Significant, Analytical Points
Foreign Lending without Money
Trade in Existing Securities
The Gibson Paradox (Fisher Effect)
Lending Abroad Interest Earned Abroad
Stock-Adjustment v. Flow Models
Beginnings of Direct Investment in Manufacturing
Strength of National Currencies
Paris v. London as the Leading European and World Financial Center
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Financial Crises
The Model
Displacement
Objects of Speculation
Diffusion of Euphoria
Distress
Dealing with Crisis
Lender of Last Resort in Crisis
The International Lender of Last Resort
Absence of a Lender of Last Resort
Did the Periodic Financial Crisis Go Away?
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Interwar Period
Introduction to Part Four
War Finance, Reparations, War Debts
The Crisis of August 1914
How to Pay for the War
Germany's Theory of War Finance
Financing the Outbreak of War
Financing War through Foreign Assets and Borrowing
Reparations
Versailles
Economic Consequences of the Peace
Occupation of the Ruhr
The Dawes Plan
The Young Plan
Reparations Paid
Economics and Politics of Reparations
War Debts
The Moratorium of June 1931
Suggested Supplementary Reading
German Postwar Inflation
The Schools
The Facts
A Single Model?
The Course and Control of Inflation after World War I
Foreign Holders of Marks
Other Countries
Social Aspects of German Inflation
Structural Inflation
The Rentenmark
The Golddiskontobank
Collective Memory
Suggested Supplementary Reading
The Restoration of the Pound to Par
Getting British Finance under Control
The 1919-20 Boom
The Cunliffe Report
Brussels Conference, 1920
Genoa Conference, 1922
The Gold-Exchange Standard
The Chamberlain- Bradbury Committee
Down to the Wire
The Role of the City
Comparison with 1819
Prices and Wages
Central Bank Cooperation
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Stabilization of the Franc
The Exchange Rate
The 1924 Panic
Counterattack
Conditionality
The Squeeze
German and Austrian Losses
More Conditionality
The Crisis of 1926
Stabilizing the Franc
Lessons of the French Experience
italy in the 1920s
Quota novanta (90 to the pound for the lire)
Suggested Supplementary Reading
The 1929 Depression
Europe and the United States
The Setting
The 1929 Crash
Response to the Crash in the United States
The Position in Europe
The Salvaging of Italian Banks
The Creditanstalt
The Run on Germany
The Run on Sterling
Sterling DepreciationThe Exchange Equalization Account (EEA)
The Japanese Yen and the Dollar
Suggested Supplementary Reading
The 1930s
The World Economic Conference, 1933
Sterling Bloc
Swedish Monetary Policy
German Foreign-Exchange Control
Bilateralism
The German Disequilibrium System
Italy
The Gold Bloc
The Tripartite Monetary Agreement
The Gold Scare
The van Zeeland Report
Suggested Supplementary Reading
After World War Two
Introduction to Part Five
German Finance In and After World War II
German Strategy
Occupation Finance
Allied Military Exchange Rates
Postwar Monetary Reform
Belgian Monetary Reform
German Monetary Reform
Four-Power Agreement
Black Market and Private Compensation
The Reform
Social Bases of Inflation and Monetary Reform
German Banking Decentralization
Reparations in Capital Assets
Suggested Supplementary Reading
Lend-Lease, the British Loan, the Marshall Plan
Lend-Lease
The Overall Postwar Plan
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)
British Loan
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan Issues
Planning v. Markets
Amount of Aid
Allocation of Aid
Financing Overall Deficits or Deficits with the United States
Counterpart Funds
Structural v. Keynesian Unemployment
Devaluation of the Pound
Suggested Supplementary Reading
European Financial Integration
Economic Integration
European Capital Markets
The Eurodollar Market
The Eurobond Market
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Support Price
European Monetary Unification
Optimum Currency Areas
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
The Snake
The All Saints' Day Manifesto
European Monetary System (EMS)
European Monetary Fund (EMF)
Credit Facilities
The Outcome
Suggested Supplementary Reading