Peyton K.B. Ondeo/Nalco Fuel Field Manual

McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002. - 380 p.Concise, comprehensive, and compact, this guide covers the entire range of fuel performance problems encountered during testing, storage, transportation, delivery, and combustion. Using a hands-on, practical approach and actual field examples to demonstrate concepts, leading petroleum industry expert Kim B. Peyton takes you step-by-step through:* Effective troubleshooting tactics
* Test methods and test results
* The most common sources of fuel problems
* Chemical additive problems
* Safetyand hazard managementA unique roundup chapter draws together hard-to-find information on chemical storage tanks, fuel filters, flowmeters, metals, plastics, and more.This revised edition contains valuable new material such as:
* Detailed sketches of fuel refining units, fuel pumps, and ASTM testing equipment
* Time-saving charts describing fuel specifications
* Expanded section on testing methods, to include several new tests that can identify and solve fuel performance problemsInvaluable to professionals in every area of the petroleum industry-from refinery engineers to research chemists to technical service personnel and service managers-this resource quickly takes you from problem to resolution, saving you time and money.
This book is invaluable to professionals in every area of the petroleum industry, from refinery engineers to research chemists to technical service personnel and service managers. It quickly takes you from problem to resolution, thereby saving you time and money.A Problem Solving Technique
Observations from Distribution Terminal Tank Records
Cause of the Problem
Refining Processes Used in Fuel Production
Distillation
Thermal Cracking
Visbreaking
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
Hydrotreating or Hydroprocessing
Catalytic Hydrocracking
Isomerization
Catalytic Polymerization
Catalytic Reforming
Alkylatlon
Coking
Finishing Processes
Critical Properties of Crude Oil and Common Hydrocarbon Fuels
Crude Oil
Automotive Gasoline
Aviation Gasoline
Jet Fuel or Aviation Turbine Fuel
Diesel Fuel and Fuel Oil
Marine Fuels
Burner Fuels
Residual Fuel Oil
Common Sources of Fuel Performance Problems
Environmental Sources
Wax in Petroleum Products
Low Volatility
Diesel Fuel Cetane Number and Cetane Index
Determinations
Hydroperoxides and Olefins
Microorganisms, Sediment, and Water
Utilizing Physical and Chemical Property Measurements to Identify Sources of Fuel Problems
High Viscosity
Low Viscosity
High Sulfur Content
High Aromatic Content
High Paraffin Content
Low Flash Point
High Carbon Values for Micro Method, Conradson, and Ramsbottom Carbon Number Determinations
Distillation Profile
Solving Fuel Problems by Using Chemical Additives
Antioxidants
Distillate Fuel Stabilizers
Demulsifiers and Dehazers
Microbiocides
Wax Crystal Modifiers
Corrosion Inhibitors
Fuel Sweetening Additives
Cetane Improver
Detergents and Dispersants
Lubricity Improver
Problems Related to Fuel Additives
Test Methods Used to Identify and Solve Fuel Problems
Common Test Methods Used to Determine the Oxidative Stability of Fuel
Testing the Copper Corrosion Properties of Fuel
Common Test Methods Used to Determine the Ferrous Metal Corrosion Properties of Fuel
Common Test Methods Used to Determine the Emulsion Tendencies of Fuel
Common Test Methods Used to Determine the Low-Temperature Performance of Fuel
Fuel Cetane Engine Number Testing
Hydrogen Sulfide Determination in Fuel
Additional Analytical Tests Used to Solve Fuel Problems
Identifying and Solving Specific Fuel Problems
Problem: Difficulty in Pumping Diesel Fuel at Low Temperatures / Fuel Filter Plugging
Problem: Increase in Pour Point of Residual Fuel Oil or Crude Oil After Heating or Shearing
Problem: Reversion and Actual Increase in the Pour Point of a Crude Oil or Residual Fuel Oil
Problem: Poor Combustion Quality / Fuel Economy / Power of Diesel Fuel
Problem: Poor Flame Quality of Kerosene
Problem: Diesel Fuel Darkens in Color and Sediment Forms
Problem: Rusting Is Identified on Metal Components
Problem: Ferrous Metal Corrosion Inhibitor Fails to Prevent Rusting of Metal Components
Problem: Haze or Emulsion Is Found in Fuel
Problem: Jet Fuel Fails "WSIM" Test
Problem: Jet Fuel Fails "JFTOT"
Problem: Jet Fuel Fails Particulate Contamination Test
Problem: Fuel Corrodes Copper, Bronze, or Brass Components
Problem: Hydrogen Sulfide in Fuel
Components of Fuel and Fuel Additive Storage and Injection Systems
Metals
Plastics and Elastomers
Chemical Storage and Injection Equipment
Vehicle Fuel Tanks
Diesel Fuel Filters
Diesel Fuel Injection Pumps
Safe Shipping and Hazard Information for Common Fuels, Oils, and Solvents
Hazardous Material Shipping Guidelines
Hazard Information for Common Fuels and Refined Products
Hazard Class Descriptions
Fuel Performance Property and Problem
Solving Guide
High Viscosity
Deposit Analysis
Synthetic and Alternative Fuels
Coal
Biomass
Synthesis Gas to Methanol
Oil Shale
Tar Sands or Oil Sands
Properties and Performance of Alternative FuelsHeat of Combustion of Fuels - Approximate BTU-Gravity Relation
Factors for Converting Volumes to 60°F.
Reduction of Observed API Gravity to API Gravity at 60°F
Galvanic Series of Metals and Metal Alloys
Composition of Synthetic Sea Water Utilized in ASTM D-665-B
Factors and Metal Densities Needed to Obtain ipy and mdd Corrosion Rates.
Compatibility of Various Materials with Common Fuels and Solvents
Nomograph for Calculation of Cetane Improver Treatment from CI-0801 Additions
Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use in the United States, by
Fuel, 1992-2001
Useful Terms and Definitions
Useful Calculations, Conversions, and Equations