Meulders M. Helmholtz: From Enlightenment to Neuroscience

MIT Press, 2010. — 235 p.The first biography in English of a nineteenth-century German scientist whose experimental approach influences today's neuroscience. Although Hermann von Helmholtz was one of most remarkable figures of nineteenth-century science, he is little known outside his native Germany. Helmholtz (1821–1894) made significant contributions to the study of vision and perception and was also influential in the painting, music, and literature of the time; one of his major works analyzed tone in music. This book, the first in English to describe Helmholtz's life and work in detail, describes his scientific studies, analyzes them in the context of the science and philosophy of the period — in particular the German Naturphilosophie —and gauges his influence on today's neuroscience. Helmholtz, trained by Johannes Müller, one of the best physiologists of his time, used a resolutely materialistic and empirical scientific method in his research. His work, eclipsed at the beginning of the twentieth century by new ideas in neurophysiology, has recently been rediscovered. We can now recognize in Helmholtz's methods — which were based on his belief in the interconnectedness of physiology and psychology — the origins of neuroscience. Michel Meulders is Emeritus Professor of Neuroscience and Honorary Prorector of the Catholic University of Louvain, where he also was Dean of the Medical School from 1974 to 1979.Prelude.
Helmholtz: From Potsdam to the Pepiniere.
Natural Philosophy in Young Helmholtz’s Time.
Johannes Mueller, “Man of Iron”.
Vitalism: The Best and the Worst of Things.
Helmholtz and the Understanding of Nature.
Intermezzo with Artists.
In Search of Lost Time.
Goethe and His Vision of Nature.
The Dispute about Colors: Goethe or Helmholtz?
The Founding Regard.
For or Against Pythagoras?
The Musical Ear.
Conclusion: The Wisdom of Alexander von Humboldt.
Postface.