Benedict Ruth. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture

Boston, Mass: Houghton-Mifflin Trade and Reference, 1946. — 137 p.The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture is a 1946 study of Japan by American anthropologist Ruth Benedict. It was written at the invitation of the U.S. Office of War Information, in order to understand and predict the behavior of the Japanese in World War II by reference to a series of contradictions in traditional culture. The book was influential in shaping American ideas about Japanese culture during the occupation of Japan, and popularized the distinction between guilt cultures and shame cultures.