Blüml Stefan, Panigrahy Ashok (eds.) MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders

Springer, 2013. — 405 p. — ISBN: 978-1-4419-5863-1Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a modality available on most clinical MR scanners and readily integrated with standard MR imaging (MRI). For the brain in particular, MRS has been a powerful research tool providing additional clinically relevant information for several disease families such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. The most widely-available MRS method, proton (1H; hydrogen) spectroscopy, is FDA approved for general use in the US and can be ordered by clinicians for patient studies if indicated.There are several books available that describe applications of MRS in adults. However, to the best of our knowledge there is currently no book available that focuses exclusively on applications in pediatrics. MR spectroscopy in the pediatric population is different from adults for two main reasons. Particularly in the newborn phase the brain undergoes biochemical maturation with dramatic changes of the "normal" biochemical fingerprint. Secondly, brain diseases in the pediatric population are different from adult disorders. For example, brain tumors, which are mostly gliomas in the adults, often originate from different cell types and are also more diverse even within the same type and grade of tumor. This diversity of diseases and its implications for MR spectroscopy has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature, we believe. The target audience for "MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders" are thus both clinicians and researchers involved with pediatric brain disorders. This includes radiologists, neurologists, neurooncologists, neurosurgeons, and more broadly the neuroscience and neurobiology community.This book will provide the necessary background information to understand the basics of MR spectroscopy. This will be followed by a detailed discussion of the normal biochemical maturation which will highlight the metabolic differences between the pediatric and adult brain. Thereafter, in SECTION I individual chapters will address various pediatric brain disease families. Of particular importance for pediatrics are case studies. For that reason, SECTION II will contain a large number of case studies. This will be particularly important for clinicians who may want to see examples of MRS for various conditions. A standardized format will be used for case reports that allow the reader to quickly understand the history of each case presented and the significance of the findings. The case reports will also include information from other imaging modalities to point out any added value of MRS in addition to conventional studies and clinical information.The Developing Human Brain: Differences from Adult Brain
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Basics
Metabolites of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Normal Age-Dependent Changes
Challenges in Pediatric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Pathologies
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Tumors
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas
Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Applications in Neonatal Medicine
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Application in Non-Accidental Trauma
Leukodystrophies
Metabolic Disorders
Phenylketonuria
Infection and Encephalitis
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Epilepsy
¹H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Brain During Adolescence: Normal Brain Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Fetal Brain
MRS of the Neonatal Brain: Abnormal Development and Neonatal Pathology
Multinuclear MRS in Children
Case Reports: Introduction
Case Reports