Vogel Steven, Calvert Rosemary Anne. Life's Devices: The Physical World of Animals and Plants

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. — 384 p. — ISBN10: 0691024189; ISBN13: 978-0691024189 — (Princeton Paperbacks)This entertaining and informative book describes how living things bump up against non-biological reality. "My immodest aim," says the author, "is to change how you view your immediate surroundings." He asks us to wonder about the design of plants and animals around us: why a fish swims more rapidly than a duck can paddle, why healthy trees more commonly uproot than break, how a shark manages with such a flimsy skeleton, or how a mouse can easily survive a fall onto any surface from any height. The book will not only fascinate the general reader but will also serve as an introductory survey of biomechanics. On one hand, organisms cannot alter the earth's gravity, the properties of water, the compressibility of air, or the behavior of diffusing molecules. On the other, such physical factors form both constraints with which the evolutionary process must contend and opportunities upon which it might capitalize. Life's Devices includes examples from every major group of animals and plants, with references to recent work, with illustrative problems, and with suggestions of experiments that need only common household materials.Constraints and opportunities
A variety of variables
Size and shape
Dimensions, gradients, and summations
Gases and liquids
Viscosity and flow
Pressure and flow
Diffusion versus convection
A matter of materials
Arranging structures
Insinuations about curves
Systems of support
The mechanics of motility
Staying put and getting away
Energy and afterthoughtsNotes on numbers
Problems and demonstrationsReferences and index of citations