Moulopoulos L.A., Koutoulidis V. Bone Marrow MRI: A Pattern-Based Approach

Milan: Springer-Verlag Italia, 2015. — 172 p. — ISBN: 978-88-470-5315-1, 978-88-470-5316-8.MRI provides the best means of imaging the bone marrow directly and of non-invasively assessing its composition. Normal age-related bone marrow changes, alterations related to red marrow reconversion, and pathological bone marrow processes generally conform to certain patterns that reflect the underlying marrow changes and can be clearly recognized on MR images. In addition to conventional pulse sequences, advanced MRI techniques such as Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging depict marrow changes at the microvascular and cellular level respectively.This book provides radiologists with in-depth information on the MRI appearances of normal, abnormal and treated marrow following a structured, pattern-based approach. MRI findings for various diseases that affect the bone marrow, particularly those of a malignant nature, are presented in detail. MRI pattern recognition not only offers a systematic approach to image interpretation and diagnosis but also has prognostic implications with regard to some disease entities. Each chapter includes a wealth of high-quality images, together with Key Points summarizing the most important information.In addition to radiologists, practitioners with an interest in hematology and oncology will find this textbook-atlas to be a valuable resource for the latest, clinically relevant advances in bone marrow imaging.Νormal Bone Marrow: Anatomy, Function, Conversion, and Reconversion.
Normal Bone Marrow: Anatomy.
Bone Marrow Types.
Vascular Anatomy.
Cellular Organization.
Normal Bone Marrow: Function.
Age-Related Changes in Bone Marrow Composition: Red to Yellow Marrow Conversion.
Reconversion of Yellow to Red Marrow.MRI of the Normal Bone Marrow: Pulse Sequences.
T1-Weighted Imaging.
T2-Weighted Imaging.
Chemical-Shift Imaging.
Contrast-Enhanced Imaging.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.MRI of the Normal Bone Marrow: Anatomic Sites.
Spine.
Pelvis.
Extremities.
Rib Cage.
Skull.The Abnormal Bone Marrow: MRI Patterns.
Focal Pattern.
Hyperintense Focal Pattern.
Hypointense Focal Pattern.
Signal-Void Focal Pattern.
Variegated Pattern.
Diffuse Pattern.
Hyperintense Diffuse Pattern.
Hypointense Diffuse Pattern.
Signal-Void Diffuse Pattern.
Regional Pattern.
Hyperintense Regional Pattern.
Hypointense Regional Pattern.MRI of the Abnormal Bone Marrow: Focal Pattern.
Hemangioma.
Clinical Background.
Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Metastases: Focal Pattern.
Clinical Background.
Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Multiple Myeloma: Focal Pattern.
Clinical Background.
Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Lymphoma.
Clinical Background.
Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.MRI of the Abnormal Bone Marrow: Diffuse Pattern.
Metastases: Diffuse Pattern.
Multiple Myeloma: Diffuse Pattern.
Lymphomas and Leukemias.Bone Marrow Edema Pattern.Transient Osteoporosis.
Regional Migratory Osteoporosis.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Calcineurin Inhibitor Pain Syndrome.
Trauma.
Differential Diagnosis of Reversible Versus Irreversible Bone Marrow Edema Pattern.Benign Versus Malignant Vertebral Fractures.
Clinical Background.
Imaging.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Signal Intensity Characteristics.
Morphologic Characteristics.
Quantitative Characteristics.
Findings at Other Spinal Levels.MRI of Bone Marrow Posttreatment Changes.Effect of Treatment on Normal Bone Marrow.
Effect of Radiotherapy.
Effect of Chemotherapy and Hematopoietic Growth Factors.
Bone Marrow Transplantation.
Effect of Treatment on Abnormal Marrow.
Conventional MR Imaging.
Advanced MRI Techniques.
MRI Assessment of Complications of Treatment.
Post-radiotherapy Fractures.
Osteonecrosis.
Bone Marrow Necrosis.Bone Marrow MRI: A Quick Guide.
Protocol.
Focal Bone Marrow Lesions.
Diffusely Abnormal Bone Marrow.
Vertebral Compression Fractures.
Posttreatment Assessment of Bone Marrow Malignancies.