Campbell J.M. Gas conditioning and processing. Volume 4: Gas and liquid sweetening

3rd edition. - USA: Campbell Petroleum Series, 1982. - 370 p. - in English. lang.This, the fourth volume in the series "Gas Conditioning and Processing," is dedicated to a discussion of the removal of sulfur compounds from gas and liquid streams. The emphasis is on those processes used to condition gas and liquid to meet specifications for commercial sale or to permit safe utilization. Some attention is given to tail gas cleaning since this is an auxiliary function of a conditioning plant to meet environmental regulations. However, this book is not intended as a definitive work in gas cleaning which is a subject in itself.The fourth volume of this series covers the following sections of natural gas treatment and processing technology: basic principles, amine processes, calculation of amine processes, carbonate processes, physical absorption methods, adsorption treatment, hydrocarbon condensate treatment, sulfur production, and strip gas processing. The appendices give: conversion factors from various measurement systems, properties of MEA, DEA, DGA.Toxicity of hydrogen sulfide
Gas specificationsBasic process principlesBasic dimensions
Mass and energy balances
Fluid flow
Pump power
Heat transfer
Vapor-liquid equilibrium
Absorption and stripping
Vessel sizing
Gas P-V-T behavior
Water contentAmine processesMonoethanolamine (MEA)
Diethanolamine (DEA)
Triethanolamine (TEA)
Diglycolamine (DGA)
Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)
Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)
Solution concentrations
Corrosion
Solution degradation
Foaming
Amine reclaiming
Filtration
Foam inhibitors
Corrosion inhibitors
Inlet scrubbing
Amine losses
Filtration
Amine-amine HEX
Amine regeneration
Piping designAmine process calculationsShortcut calculations
Monoethanolamine
Diethanolamine
Factors affecting MEA performance
Stripper design
Ethanolamine – acid gas equilibriumCarbonate processesReactions
Split-stream process
Two-stage process
Other process modifications
Process choice
Corrosion CO₂ absorption calculations
Catacarb process
Benfield process
DEA – hot carbonate
Giammarco-Vetrocoke processes
Seaboard process
Vacuum carbonate process
Tripotassium phosphate process
Sodium phenoline process
Alkazid process
Hot carbonate – acid gas equilibriumPhysical absorption methodsWater absorption
Fluor solvent process
Equilibrium data for propylene carbonate
Selexol process
Rectisol-Purisol processes
Estasolvan process
Other physical solvents
Power recovery turbinesSolid bed sweeteningIron oxide (sponge) processes
Molecular sieves
Mercaptan removal
EFCO process
Formation of carbonyl sulfide
Chemsweet
NCA process
SlurrisweetLiquid sweeteningCOS removal
Hydrogen sulfide removal
Amine process
Molecular sieve processes
Doctor treatment for mercaptans
Caustic wash
Regenerated caustic wash
Unisol process
Mercapsol process
Tannin solutizer process
Dualayer process
Prediction of mercaptan removal
Mercapex process
Copper sweetening
Solid copper treating
Merox process
Bender processSulfur productionLiquid oxidation chemistry
Ferrox process
Gluud process
Manchester process
Stretford A.D. A. process
Takahax process
Thylox process
Perox process
Giammarco-Vetrocoke process
Shell sulfolane process
Freeport sulfur process
Claus process
Amoco process
Summary of Claus reactions
Selectox processTail gas conditioningASR sulphoxide process
U.S. Bureau of Mines citrate process
Westvaco process
Sulfreen process
IFP process
Aquaclaus process
Cold bed adsorption
Wellman-Lord process
LUCAS process
Allied SO₂ process
Pritchard "Cleanair" process
Beavon process
Shell Claus off-gas treating process
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD)Appendix 1 – Conversion factors
Appendix 2 – MEA, DEA and DGA Properties