Odersky M. The Scala Language Specification

Working paper. — Version 2.9 — Switzerland: EPFL, 2014. — 191 p.Scala is a Java-like programming language which unifies object-oriented and func- tional programming. It is a pure object-oriented language in the sense that every value is an object. Types and behavior of objects are described by classes. Classes can be composed using mixin composition. Scala is designed to work seamlessly with two less pure but mainstream object-oriented languages – Java and C#.Scala is a functional language in the sense that every function is a value. Nesting of function definitions and higher-order functions are naturally supported. Scala also supports a general notion of pattern matching which can model the algebraic types used in many functional languages.