Roymans Nico. Ethnic Identity and Imperial Power: The Batavians in the Early Roman empire

Amsterdam University Press, 2004. — 291 p.The study of ethnicity and ethnogenesis
Roman imperial power and the ethnic dynamics in the Lower Rhine frontier
Ethnicity, texts and material culture. Methodological considerations
Structure of the textThe adoption of coinage
The emergence of regional sanctuaries
The development of a major nucleated settlement at Kessel/Lith
The mass circulation of glass bracelets
Discussion. A new kind of society in the Lower Rhine region?
Major changes in the tribal map after the Roman conquest
Archaeological discussion on continuity and discontinuity of habitation in the Rhine delta in the later 1st century BC
The Lower Rhine population and their presumed Germanic ethnicityLate Iron Age coin circulation in the Lower Rhine region
The triskeles Scheers 31 type coins: typology, metrology, and distribution
Chronology and the problem of historical interpretation
Ascription to the Eburones and the link to Caesar’s conquest
Patterns of deposition and loss: the archaeological contextsList of ‘imported’ gold staters found in the Lower Rhine region
Descriptive list of the Scheers 31 triskeles coins
The roots of the alliance between the Romans and Batavians
On the role of a king
From kingship to magistratureDistribution, classification and chronology of the Lower Rhine triquetrum coinages
General distribution
Classification
Chronology
Batavian emissions?
Production, circulation and deposition of triquetrum coinages in the Batavian river area.
Some hypothesesList of sites where triquetrum coins have been foundDredged from sand and gravel. History of the finds, the find circumstances, and representativity
Description of the find complex
Swords and scabbards
Spearheads
Other militaria
Belt-hooks
Fibulae
Cauldrons
Socketed axes
Varia
Late Iron Age and Early Roman coins
Human bones
General chronology and wider cultural associations
The Meuse/Waal river junction at Kessel /Lith in the Late Iron Age and Early Roman period
Settlement, cult place or battlefield? Interpretation of the find complex at Kessel/Lith
A monumental Roman temple at Kessel
Grinnes and Vada
The Kessel/Lith settlement from a Northwest-European perspective
Kessel/Lith as a centre of power and a key place in the construction of a Batavian identity group
Descriptive catalogue of the metal finds dredged at Kessel/Lith
PlatesRoman imperialism and the control of tribal groups in the Germanic frontier
The municipalisation of the civitas Batavorum
Nijmegen as a central place
The pre-Flavian civitas Batavorum and its relation to coastal tribes in the Rhine/Meuse delta
Civitas organisation and Batavian identity
The marble head of Julius Caesar from Nijmegen
The Tiberius column from Nijmegen
A fragment of an imperial tabula patronatus(?) from Escharen
DiscussionThe Roman army and the cultivation of a Batavian identity
Dominant Roman images of the Batavians
Dominant elements in the self-image of Batavians
Introduction. Myth, history and the construction of collective identities
Evidence for Trojan foundation myths in Gaul and Britain
Hercules as the first civiliser of the Germanic frontier
The cult of Hercules among the Batavians
The appeal of the Roman Hercules and the construction of a Batavian identity
The Hercules sanctuaries and their significance for the construction of a Batavian identity
On the Hercules cult in the other civitates of Lower Germany
Discussion
The ethnogenesis of the Batavians. A summary
From a Batavian people to a Roman civitas?
The case of the Batavians and ethnogenetic theory