Olendorff Richard R., Motroni Robert S., Call Mayo W. Raptor management - the state of the art in 1980

Washington, DC: Bureau of Land Management, 1980. — 64 p.The techniques of raptor management underwent a decade of intensive research during the 1970s. Raptor conservation, including species protection and management, as well as habitat protection and management, now receives unprecedented attention stemming generally from the increasing interest in nongame wildlife. Highlights of the 1970s include:
1) captive breeding (which is now routine) of 726 Peregrine Falcons at three major facilities in North America, plus smaller successes at other facilities and with dozens of other species worldwide;
2) proof of the value of egg manipulations (such as artificial incubation of thin-shelled eggs and double-clutching) in creating extra birds for management purposes;
3) the testing and evaluation of several methods of introducing extra birds to the wild, including clutch augmentation, fostering, cross-fostering, and hacking (controlled release of nestlings);
4) the establishment of numerous special areas to provide direct protection of key raptor habitats; and
5) the proliferation of raptor habitat management projects, including artificial feeding programs for raptors, provision of artificial perches and nesting structures, and the development of new natural nest sites.
Success with many techniques during the 1970s exceeded most expectations. The 1980s should bring greater use of these techniques — when and if they are needed.