Taylor J.K., Cihon C. Statistical Techniques for Data Analysis

Second Edition. — Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2004. — 296 p. — ISBN: 1584883855.Since the first edition of this book appeared, computers have come to the aid of modern experimenters and data analysts, bringing with them data analysis techniques that were once beyond the calculational reach of even professional statisticians. Today, scientists in every field have access to the techniques and technology they need to analyze statistical data. All they need is practical guidance on how to use them.
Valuable to everyone who produces, uses, or evaluates scientific data, Statistical Techniques for Data Analysis, Second Edition provides straightforward discussion of basic statistical techniques and computer analysis. The purpose, structure, and general principles of the book remain the same as the first edition, but the treatment now includes updates in every chapter, additional topics, and most importantly, an introduction to use of the MINITAB Statistical Software. The presentation of each technique includes motivation and discussion of the statistical analysis, a hand-calculated example, the same example calculated using MINITAB, and discussion of the MINITAB output and conclusions.
Highlights of the Second Edition:
1) Detailed discussion and use of MINITAB in examples complete with code and output.
2) A new chapter addressing proportions, time to event data, and time series data in the metrology setting.
3) Additional material on hypothesis testing.
4) Discussion of critical values.
5) A look at mistakes commonly made in data analysis.What Are Data?
Definition of Data, Kinds of Data, Variability, Populations and Samples, Importance of Reliability, Metrology, Computer Assisted Statistical Analyses.
Obtaining Meaningful Data.Data Production Must Be Planned, The Experimental Method, Data Quality Indicators,
Data Quality Objectives, Systematic Measurement, Quality Assurance, Importance of Peer Review.General Principles.
Kinds of Statistics, Decisions, Error and Uncertainty, Kinds of Data,
Accuracy, Precision, and Bias;
Statistical Control, Distributions, Tests for Normality, Basic Requirements for Statistical Analysis Validity, MINITAB.Statistical Calculations.
The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation;
Degrees of Freedom, Using Duplicate Measurements to Estimate a Standard Deviation,
Using the Range to Estimate the Standard Deviation, Pooled Statistical Estimates,
Simple Analysis of Variance, Log Normal Statistics, Minimum Reporting Statistics, Computations,
One Last Thing to Remember.Data Analysis Techniques.
One Sample Topics, Means, Confidence Intervals for One Sample,
Does a Mean Differ Significantly from a Measured or Specified Value?
Standard Deviations, Confidence Intervals for One Sample,
Does a Standard Deviation Differ Significantly from a Measured or Specified Value?
Statistical Tolerance Intervals, Combining Confidence Intervals and Tolerance Intervals,Two Sample Topics:
Means, Do Two Means Differ Significantly Standard Deviations: Do Two Standard Deviations Differ Significantly?
Propagation of Error in a Derived or Calculated Value.Managing Sets of Data.
Outliers, The Rule of the Huge Error, The Dixon Test, The Grubbs Test,
Youden Test for Outlying Laboratories, Cochran Test for Extreme Values of Variance,
Combining Data Sets, Statistics of Interlaboratory Collaborative Testing,
Validation of a Method of Test, Proficiency Testing Testing to Determine Consensus Values of Materials, Random Numbers.Presenting Data.
Tables, Charts, Pie Charts, Bar Charts, Graphs, Linear Graphs, Nonlinear Graphs, Nomographs.
Mathematical Expressions: Theoretical Relationships, Empirical Relationships,
Fitting Data: Method of Selected Points, Method of Averages, Method of Least Squares.Proportions, Survival Data and Time Series Data.
Proportions, One Sample Topics, Two Sample Topics, Chi-Square Tests of Association,
Survival Data, Censoring, Product Limit/Kaplan Meier Survival Estimate,
Two Sample Topics, Proportional Hazards, Log Rank Test, Distribution Based Survival Analyses,
Time Series Data, Data Presentation,Time Series Plots, Smoothing, Moving Averages.Selected Topics.
Basic Probability Concepts, Measures of Location, Tests for Nonrandomness:
Runs, Trends/Slopes, Mean Square of Successive Differences.
Comparing Several Averages, Type I Errors, Type II Errors and Statistical Power, Critical Values and P Values,
Correlation Coefficient, The Best Two Out of Three, Comparing a Frequency Distribution with a Normal Distribution,
Confidence for a Fitted Line, Joint Confidence Region for the Constants of a Fitted Line,
Shortcut Procedures, Nonparametric Tests, Extreme Value Data, Statistics of Control Charts, Simulation and Macros.Appendix A. Statistical Tables.
Appendix B. Glossary.
Appendix C. Answers to Numerical Exercises.