Montagna P., Chokroverty S. (eds.) Sleep Disorders Part II: Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011. — 497 p.The second part of a two-part work in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series on sleep disordersContents: ForewordHistory of the Sleep Disorders Classification System
Insomnia Due to Mental Disorder (327.02)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Adult (327.23)
Recurrent Hypersomnia (327.13)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Shift Work Type (327.36)
Sleep-related Eating Disorder (327.49)
Isolated Symptoms, Apparently Normal Variants, and Unresolved IssuesClinical Laboratory Findings
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Narcolepsy
Sleep in Neuromuscular Junctional Disorders
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Treatment of RBD in PD
Malingering
Physiological and Excessive Fragmentary Hypnic Myoclonus
Pain
Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Sleep-wake Disorders After Stroke
The Neurophysiological Bases of Insomnia
Brainstem Rem Sleep-generating System
Reactivity and Arousal During Sleep
Narcolepsy
Acoustic Perturbation: an Experimental Model of Insomnia
Antidepressant Drugs and Insomnia
Circadian Clock Genes in Humans
Acute Secondary RBD
Safety
The Autonomic Costs of Insomnia
Hypnotic-dependent Insomnia
Fatal Familial Insomnia, Morvan's chorea, delirium Tremens
The Underlying Factors of Insomnia
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Sleep
Insomnia is Not Simply a Mental ProblemPresenting Complaints
Nocturnal Movement Disorders
Daytime Complaints and Findings
Course and Prognosis
Hypocretin Levels
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment Rationale and Indications
Age of Onset, Course, and Complications
Evidence for Efficacy
Hla and Other Genetic Factors in Familial narcolepsy
Treatment of Comorbid Insomnia
Hypocretin/orexin System and Sleep regulation
Diagnostic Methods and Criteria
BenzodiazepinesEfficacy of BzRAs
Pharmacological TreatmentsAnticonvulsants
Other Agents
CorticalDrugs Used as Hypnotic Agents
Insufficient Sleep
Laboratory Tests
Nocturnal Seizures
Falls, Cognitive Effects, and Other Considerations for the Elderly
Sleep Disturbance
Circadian Factors Influencing Stroke Onset
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep-wake Disorders After Stroke
Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics
Considerations for Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia
Concluding StatementEtiology and Pathophysiology
Parasomnias
Sleep in Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome
Hypocretin and the Control of Behavioral State
Hypocretin Neurons and Hypocretin Receptors
Narcolepsy
Hypocretin-histamine Interactions in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions
Hypothalamic Sleep-Promoting Systems and Their Interactions With Hypothalamic and Other Wake-Promoting Systems
Links Between Vigilance Control and Other Hypothalamic Functions Through the Hypocretin System
Symptomatic NarcolepsyRecurrent hypersomnias
Violence May Be State Dependent
Sleep Duration and Sleep Schedule
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class II Association
Psychological Investigation
RLS and Plmd in PD
Predisposing and Precipitating Factors
Changes in Melatonin Excretion and Rhythmicity
Hypnic HeadacheClinical Features
Neuropathological Aspects
Cataplexy
Sleep Eeg (architecture) Changes
Pathophysiology of Sleep-wake Disorders after Stroke
Sleep Pattern
Sleep and Breathing Dysfunction in Primary Muscle Disorders
Narcolepsy
Laboratory Investigations
Pathophysiological Consideration of narcolepsy-cataplexy
Diagnostic Value of CSF Hypocretin- Measurements
Pregnancy
Narcolepsy and the Immune System
Pathophysiological Considerations for Narcolepsy Without Cataplexy
Symptomatic Narcolepsy and EDS, and The hypocretin System
Current Treatments for Human Narcolepsy
Increased Dopaminergic Transmission Mediates the Wake-promoting Effects of Currently Prescribed Stimulant Compounds
Future TherapiesSyndromes of Sleepiness
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep Dysfunction in Myotonic DystrophyThe Active Onset of Motor Suppression in Sleep
Early Studies of Rem Sleep Motor Control
The Motor Neuron in Sleep
The Caudal Brainstem: Organizer of Motor Control in Rem Sleep
Management
Rem Sleep Without AtoniaNREM parasomnias
Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)
Pathophysiology
Changes in Melatonin Excretion and Circadian Rhythmicity
Nonphotic Circadian Inputs to the Scn
Clinical Approach to Diagnosis of Respiratory Failure in Neuromuscular Disorders
Clinical Features
Clinical and Pathophysiological Subtypes
Changes in Circadian Phase
Diaphragmatic Pacing
Sleep-related Eating DisorderOverviewUse of Polysomnography
Pharmacological TreatmentsRem Sleep Without Atonia and Increased Phasic Emg Activity in Rem Sleep
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
The Tau Mutation
Adding More Loops to the Cycle
Differential Diagnosis
Irregular Sleep-Wake Type
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Interventional Treatment Using Mechanical Devices
Other Headache Entities
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Physiopathology in Animals and HumansPhysiological Fragmentary (or Partial) Hypnic Myoclonus (PFHM)
Excessive Fragmentary Hypnic Myoclonus (EFHM)
Clinical Manifestations of Sleep Dysfunction in Neuromuscular Disorders
Propriospinal Myoclonus at the Wake-Sleep Transition
Benign Sleep Myoclonus of Infancy
Sleeptalking
Clinical Features
Sleep-Related Hallucinations
Sleep ParalysisEpidemiology and Genetics
Diagnosis
Complaints of Tooth Grinding and Morning Jaw Muscle Pain Including HeadachesViolence Arising From the Sleep Period
Sleep-triggered Headaches
Associated Features
Periodic Limb Movements and Periodic Leg Movement Disorder
Sleep and Motor Neuron Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Sleep Disturbances Associated With headaches
Pathogenesis and Mechanism of SDB and Respiratory Failure in Neuromuscular DisordersOverviewAssociated Conditions and Secondary Forms of Rls
End-stage Renal Disease and Dialysis
Other Conditions
Gender Differences
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Due to Medical Condition
Prevalence in Other Geographical Population Surveys
Hallucinations and Nocturnal Agitation
Genetics: Association Studies
Restless Legs Syndrome/periodic Limb Movements of Sleep
The Role of the Dopaminergic SystemOverviewImaging Studies
Spinal
Other Causes of Sleep-disordered Breathing
Other Dopaminergic Agents
AnticonvulsantsSpinocerebellar Ataxia /Machado-Joseph DiseaseThe Master Neural Circadian Clock
The Period Gene of the Circadian Clock
The Mammalian Clock Gene
Interactions of Clock With Period and Bmal genes
Medication
Other Genes and MutationsCircadian Rhythms
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder (Rbd)
Sleep Apnea and Snoring
Treatment
Prevalence
Prevalence
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of waking, Sleep/violence
Treatment
Prevalence and Pathophysiology
TreatmentThe Prion Diseases
Control of Breathing During Wakefulness and Sleep
Neuroimaging Findings
Molecular Neurobiology
Sporadic Fatal Insomnia
Infratentorial StrokesDisorders of Arousal (confusional Arousals, Sleepwalking/sleep Terrors)
Treatment
Disorders of Nocturnal Sleep
RBD, EDS, and Hallucinations in PDOverviewHypersomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Apathy, Fatigue
Types of Breathing Pattern in Neuromuscular Disorders
Circadian Dysrhythmias, Insomnia, and Dementia (pertaining Primarily to Ad)
Dysfunction of Light Transmission
Environmental Light Exposure
Light Therapy
Idiopathic RBD
TreatmentOverviewMedication-induced Insomnia in Demented patients
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Dementing Illnesses (pertaining Primarily to Alzheimer's Disease)
Other Sleep Disorders Likely To be Comorbid With Neurodegenerative Diseases
Pathogenesis
Nasal Cpap
Clinical and Demographic FeaturesOverviewDystonia
Nonpharmacological
PharmacologicalSupratentorial Strokes
Hypersomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Apathy, Fatigue
Sleep-wake Disorders After Stroke and Stroke Evolution/outcome
Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Sleep-disordered Breathing After Stroke
Poststroke Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep-disordered Breathing as a Risk Factor For stroke
Sdb, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type Ii Diabetes
Diagnosis and TreatmentPathogenesis
Sleep-relieved Headaches (sleep as a Headache Reliever)
Headaches Associated With Sleep Disturbances
Tension-type Headache
Sleep Disturbances and Headache as Comorbid Symptoms
Headache and Sleep Disturbances have A common "Extrinsic" Cause
Headaches With a Higher Risk of Sleep Disturbance
Functional Links Between Headaches and SleepThe Central Control of Breathing
The Chest Bellow Component
Pulmonary Function Tests
Indications for Intermittent Positive Pressure ventilationHistorical Perspectives
Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
Clinical and Pathophysiological Subtypes
Age of Onset, Course, and Complications
Pathology and Pathophysiology
Polysomnographic and Other Objective Findings
Early-onset or Late-onset Childhood Benign Epilepsy With Occipital Paroxysms
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
Effect of Epileptic Phenomena On Sleep
Modulation of Sleep Microstructure on Interictal Epileptic Discharges and Seizures
Effect of Sleep DisordersA
Automatisms and the LawGenetics of Sleep DisordersVolume seriesHistory of the Sleep Disorders Classification System
Insomnia Due to Mental Disorder ()
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Adult ()
Recurrent Hypersomnia ()
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Shift Work Type ()
Sleep-related Eating Disorder ()
Isolated Symptoms, Apparently Normal Variants, and Unresolved IssuesClinical Laboratory Findings
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Narcolepsy
Sleep in Neuromuscular Junctional Disorders
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Treatment of RBD in PD
Malingering
Physiological and Excessive Fragmentary Hypnic Myoclonus
Pain
Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Sleep-wake Disorders After Stroke
The Neurophysiological Bases of Insomnia
Brainstem Rem Sleep-generating System
Reactivity and Arousal During Sleep
Narcolepsy
Acoustic Perturbation: an Experimental Model of Insomnia
Antidepressant Drugs and Insomnia
Circadian Clock Genes in Humans
Acute Secondary RBD
Safety
The Autonomic Costs of Insomnia
Hypnotic-dependent Insomnia
Fatal Familial Insomnia, Morvan's chorea, delirium Tremens
The Underlying Factors of Insomnia
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Sleep
Insomnia is Not Simply a Mental ProblemPresenting Complaints
Nocturnal Movement Disorders
Daytime Complaints and Findings
Course and Prognosis
Hypocretin Levels
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment Rationale and Indications
Age of Onset, Course, and Complications
Evidence for Efficacy
Hla and Other Genetic Factors in Familial narcolepsy
Treatment of Comorbid Insomnia
Hypocretin/orexin System and Sleep regulation
Diagnostic Methods and Criteria
BenzodiazepinesEfficacy of BzRAs
Pharmacological TreatmentsAnticonvulsants
Other Agents
CorticalDrugs Used as Hypnotic Agents
Insufficient Sleep
Laboratory Tests
Nocturnal Seizures
Falls, Cognitive Effects, and Other Considerations for the Elderly
Sleep Disturbance
Circadian Factors Influencing Stroke Onset
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep-wake Disorders After Stroke
Other Drugs Used as Hypnotics
Considerations for Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia
Concluding StatementEtiology and Pathophysiology
Parasomnias
Sleep in Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome
Hypocretin and the Control of Behavioral State
Hypocretin Neurons and Hypocretin Receptors
Narcolepsy
Hypocretin-histamine Interactions in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions
Hypothalamic Sleep-Promoting Systems and Their Interactions With Hypothalamic and Other Wake-Promoting Systems
Links Between Vigilance Control and Other Hypothalamic Functions Through the Hypocretin System
Symptomatic NarcolepsyRecurrent hypersomnias
Violence May Be State Dependent
Sleep Duration and Sleep Schedule
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class II Association
Psychological Investigation
RLS and Plmd in PD
Predisposing and Precipitating Factors
Changes in Melatonin Excretion and Rhythmicity
Hypnic HeadacheClinical Features
Neuropathological Aspects
Cataplexy
Sleep Eeg (architecture) Changes
Pathophysiology of Sleep-wake Disorders after Stroke
Sleep Pattern
Sleep and Breathing Dysfunction in Primary Muscle Disorders
Narcolepsy
Laboratory Investigations
Pathophysiological Consideration of narcolepsy-cataplexy
Diagnostic Value of CSF Hypocretin- Measurements
Pregnancy
Narcolepsy and the Immune System
Pathophysiological Considerations for Narcolepsy Without Cataplexy
Symptomatic Narcolepsy and EDS, and The hypocretin System
Current Treatments for Human Narcolepsy
Increased Dopaminergic Transmission Mediates the Wake-promoting Effects of Currently Prescribed Stimulant Compounds
Future TherapiesSyndromes of Sleepiness
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep Dysfunction in Myotonic DystrophyThe Active Onset of Motor Suppression in Sleep
Early Studies of Rem Sleep Motor Control
The Motor Neuron in Sleep
The Caudal Brainstem: Organizer of Motor Control in Rem Sleep
Management
Rem Sleep Without AtoniaNREM parasomnias
Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)
Pathophysiology
Changes in Melatonin Excretion and Circadian Rhythmicity
Nonphotic Circadian Inputs to the Scn
Clinical Approach to Diagnosis of Respiratory Failure in Neuromuscular Disorders
Clinical Features
Clinical and Pathophysiological Subtypes
Changes in Circadian Phase
Diaphragmatic Pacing
Sleep-related Eating DisorderOverviewUse of Polysomnography
Pharmacological TreatmentsRem Sleep Without Atonia and Increased Phasic Emg Activity in Rem Sleep
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
The Tau Mutation
Adding More Loops to the Cycle
Differential Diagnosis
Irregular Sleep-Wake Type
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Interventional Treatment Using Mechanical Devices
Other Headache Entities
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Physiopathology in Animals and HumansPhysiological Fragmentary (or Partial) Hypnic Myoclonus (PFHM)
Excessive Fragmentary Hypnic Myoclonus (EFHM)
Clinical Manifestations of Sleep Dysfunction in Neuromuscular Disorders
Propriospinal Myoclonus at the Wake-Sleep Transition
Benign Sleep Myoclonus of Infancy
Sleeptalking
Clinical Features
Sleep-Related Hallucinations
Sleep ParalysisEpidemiology and Genetics
Diagnosis
Complaints of Tooth Grinding and Morning Jaw Muscle Pain Including HeadachesViolence Arising From the Sleep Period
Sleep-triggered Headaches
Associated Features
Periodic Limb Movements and Periodic Leg Movement Disorder
Sleep and Motor Neuron Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Sleep Disturbances Associated With headaches
Pathogenesis and Mechanism of SDB and Respiratory Failure in Neuromuscular DisordersOverviewAssociated Conditions and Secondary Forms of Rls
End-stage Renal Disease and Dialysis
Other Conditions
Gender Differences
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Due to Medical Condition
Prevalence in Other Geographical Population Surveys
Hallucinations and Nocturnal Agitation
Genetics: Association Studies
Restless Legs Syndrome/periodic Limb Movements of Sleep
The Role of the Dopaminergic SystemOverviewImaging Studies
Spinal
Other Causes of Sleep-disordered Breathing
Other Dopaminergic Agents
AnticonvulsantsSpinocerebellar Ataxia /Machado-Joseph DiseaseThe Master Neural Circadian Clock
The Period Gene of the Circadian Clock
The Mammalian Clock Gene
Interactions of Clock With Period and Bmal genes
Medication
Other Genes and MutationsCircadian Rhythms
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder (Rbd)
Sleep Apnea and Snoring
Treatment
Prevalence
Prevalence
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of waking, Sleep/violence
Treatment
Prevalence and Pathophysiology
TreatmentThe Prion Diseases
Control of Breathing During Wakefulness and Sleep
Neuroimaging Findings
Molecular Neurobiology
Sporadic Fatal Insomnia
Infratentorial StrokesDisorders of Arousal (confusional Arousals, Sleepwalking/sleep Terrors)
Treatment
Disorders of Nocturnal Sleep
RBD, EDS, and Hallucinations in PDOverviewHypersomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Apathy, Fatigue
Types of Breathing Pattern in Neuromuscular Disorders
Circadian Dysrhythmias, Insomnia, and Dementia (pertaining Primarily to Ad)
Dysfunction of Light Transmission
Environmental Light Exposure
Light Therapy
Idiopathic RBD
TreatmentOverviewMedication-induced Insomnia in Demented patients
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Dementing Illnesses (pertaining Primarily to Alzheimer's Disease)
Other Sleep Disorders Likely To be Comorbid With Neurodegenerative Diseases
Pathogenesis
Nasal Cpap
Clinical and Demographic FeaturesOverviewDystonia
Nonpharmacological
PharmacologicalSupratentorial Strokes
Hypersomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Apathy, Fatigue
Sleep-wake Disorders After Stroke and Stroke Evolution/outcome
Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Sleep-disordered Breathing After Stroke
Poststroke Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep-disordered Breathing as a Risk Factor For stroke
Sdb, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type Ii Diabetes
Diagnosis and TreatmentPathogenesis
Sleep-relieved Headaches (sleep as a Headache Reliever)
Headaches Associated With Sleep Disturbances
Tension-type Headache
Sleep Disturbances and Headache as Comorbid Symptoms
Headache and Sleep Disturbances have A common "Extrinsic" Cause
Headaches With a Higher Risk of Sleep Disturbance
Functional Links Between Headaches and SleepThe Central Control of Breathing
The Chest Bellow Component
Pulmonary Function Tests
Indications for Intermittent Positive Pressure ventilationHistorical Perspectives
Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
Clinical and Pathophysiological Subtypes
Age of Onset, Course, and Complications
Pathology and Pathophysiology
Polysomnographic and Other Objective Findings
Early-onset or Late-onset Childhood Benign Epilepsy With Occipital Paroxysms
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
Effect of Epileptic Phenomena On Sleep
Modulation of Sleep Microstructure on Interictal Epileptic Discharges and Seizures
Effect of Sleep DisordersAutomatisms and the Law