Wahlstrom E.E. Tunneling in Rock

Elsevier, 1973. — 250 p. — (Developments in Geotechnical Engineering 3). — ISBN: 0-444-41064-3.Tunnels and other openings excavated in the depths of the earth always have created feelings of excitement tinged with fear in the minds of those who dig them or explore them. The total darkness and the strange silence of an unoccupied tunnel, punctuated at times by the noises of dripping water and sharp adjustments in rocks and supports or the ear-splitting racket and ordered confusion of a high-speed mechanized tunneling operation identify a special kind of environment that is totally unknown and almost incomprehensible to the average person.
A tunnel is a challenge to nature. Construction of an underground opening immediately releases stresses that, over a short or long period of time, tend to close the opening by filling it with rock debris. Some of these stresses are related to presently active dislocations of rocks in the earth's crust, others are residual unbalanced stresses stored in elastic or quasi-elastic rocks, and still others are attributable to the dead weight load of overlying rocks.About Tunnels
Petrography of Unaltered Rocks
Rock Alteration
Elementary Rock Mechanics
Fracture and Fold Anisotropy in Rocks
Hydrogeology, Temperatures, and Gases in Tunnels
Geological Investigation of Proposed Tunnel Locations
Application of Geological Investigations to Tunnel Planning and Design
Tunneling Methods
Geological Investigations During Tunnel Construction