Foken T. (ed.) Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem

Springer, 2017. — 530 p. — (Ecological Studies 229). — ISBN: 978-3-319-49387-9, 978-3-319-49389-3This book focuses on fluxes of energy, carbon dioxide and matter in and above a Central European spruce forest. The transition from a forest affected by acid rain into a heterogeneous forest occurred as a result of wind throw, bark beetles and climate change. Scientific results obtained over the last 20 years at the FLUXNET site DE-Bay (Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen) are shown together with methods developed at the site, including the application of footprint models for data-quality analysis, the coupling between the trunk space and the atmosphere, the importance of the Damköhler number for trace gas studies, and the turbulent conditions at a forest edge. In addition to the many experimental studies, the book also applies model studies such as higher-order closure models, Large-Eddy Simulations, and runoff models for the catchment and compares them with the experimental data. Moreover, by highlighting processes in the atmosphere it offers insights into the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. It is of interest to ecologists, micrometeorologists and ecosystem modelers.History of the Waldstein Measuring Sites
Description of the Waldstein Measuring Site
Climate, Air Pollutants, and Wet Deposition
Long-Term Carbon and Water Vapour Fluxes
Sap Flow Measurements
Coherent Structures and Flux Coupling
Dynamics of Water Flow in a Forest Soil: Visualization and Modeling
Trace Gas Exchange at the Forest Floor
Reactive Trace Gas and Aerosol Fluxes
Isotope Fluxes
Influence of Low-Level Jets and Gravity Waves on Turbulent Fluxes
Development of Flux Data Quality Tools
Interaction Forest–Clearing
Forest Climate in Vertical and Horizontal Scales
Catchment Evapotranspiration and Runoff
Modeling of Energy and Matter Exchange
Complexity of Flow Structures and Turbulent Transport in Heterogeneously Forested Landscapes: Large-Eddy Simulation Study of the Waldstein Site
Comparison of Meso-Scale Modelled Fluxes and Measurements
What Can We Learn for a Better Understanding of the Turbulent Exchange Processes Occurring at FLUXNET Sites?