Beekes R.S.P. Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction

John Benjamins, 1995. — xxii, 376 p. — ISBN: 90-272-2150-2 / 1-55619-504-4.If you're interested in the Proto-Indo-European language then you should have this book on your shelf. The treatment is very modern and incorporates information from the Anatolian branch in the reconstructions. Especially useful is the reconstruction of laryngeals which is absent in Pokorny and nearly absent in Szemerenyi. Also very useful is the discussion of basic sound changes from PIE to the various daughter languages, including Albanian.General Section
Introduction
Historical and Comparative Linguistics
Comparative Linguistics
Comparative Linguistics and Other Forms of Linguistics
The Language Families of the World
The Indo-European Family of Languages
The Genesis of Comparative Linguistics
The Discovery of the Indo-European Family of Languages
The Indo-European Languages
The Splitting Up of Proto-Indo-European; Dialects
Krahe’s ‘Old European’
Extinct Indo-European Languages; Pelasgian
Relations of the Indo-European Family; the Nostratic Theory
The Culture and Origin of the Indo-Europeans
The Culture of the Indo-Europeans
Poetry
The Arrival of the Indo-Europeans
The Origin of the Indo-Europeans
Language Change
Sound Change
The Sound Law: the ‘Ausnahmslosigkeit’
Sporadic Sound Changes
The Sound Laws: Place and Time (Isoglosses and Relative Chronology)
The Sound Law: Conditioning
The Sound Law: Formulation and Distinctive Features
Phonemicization of Changes
Types of Sound Change and the Phonemic System
Phonetic Classification of Sound Changes: Consonants
Phonetic Classification of Sound Changes: Short Vowels
Phonetic Classification of Sound Changes: Long Vowels and Diphthongs
Causes of Sound Change
AnalogyProportional Analogy
Non-Proportional Analogy: ‘Leveling’
Replacement, Secondary Function and Split
Analogy and Sound Law
Model and Motive
The Regularity o f A nalogy: D irection
The Regularity of Analogy: Change or No Change
The Limits of Analogy
Other Form-Changes; The Accent
Additions
Adopted Forms
The Creation of New Formations
Accent Shift
Vocabulary ChangesThe Disappearance of Old Words and the Appearance of New Ones
Changes of Meaning: Reduction or Expansion of Features
Changes of Meaning: Other Cases
Causes: Worter und Sachen
Other Causes
Morphological and Syntactic ChangeMorphological Change
Syntactic Change
Causes
Reconstruction
Internal ReconstructionExamples
Vowel Alternation (ablaut)
The Laryngeal Theory
The place of Internal Reconstruction10. The Comparative Method
10.1 Introduction10.2 OCS nebese- Gr. nepheos
10.3 The Middle Participle
10.4 The Indo-European Velars: the Three Series
10.5 The Declension of the Indo-European n-stems
Comparative Indo-European Linguistics
Phonology
The Sounds and the Accent
The PIE Phonemic System
Preliminary Remarks on the Ablaut
Preliminary Remarks on the Laryngeal Theory
The Stops
PIE *s
The Sonants
The Vowels
The Diphthongs
The Laryngeals
Accentuation
From Proto-Indo-European to EnglishThe Structure of the Morphemes
Ablaut
Word Types
The Substantive
Word Formation
Inflection
The Adjective
Stems
Feminine and Neuter
Inflection
Comparison
The PronounThe Non-Personal Pronouns
The personal pronouns
The Numerals
The Cardinal Numbers
The Ordinal Numbers
Collective Adjectives
Adverbs
Compounds
Indeclinable Words
Adverbs
Negation Particles
Particles
Conjunctions
Interjections
The Verb
General
The Present
The Aorist
The Perfect
The Middle
The Dual
The Static Inflection
The Moods
The Nominal Forms
The PIE Verbal System
A Paradigm as ExampleFrom Proto-Indo-European to Albanian
Phonetics