Patel Ramesh N. (Ed.) Biocatalysis in the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries

CRC Press, 2006. — 893 p.There has been an increasing awareness of the enormous potential of microorganisms and enzymes for the transformation of synthetic chemicals in a highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective manner. Chiral intermediates are in high demand from pharmaceutical, agricultural, and other biotechnological industries for the preparation of bulk drug substances or fine chemicals. Bulk drug compounds or other fine chemicals can be produced by chemical or chemo-enzymatic synthesis. The advantages of biocatalysis over chemical synthesis are that enzyme-catalyzed reactions are often highly enantio- and regioselective. They can be carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, thus avoiding the use of more extreme conditions which could cause problems with isomerization, racemization, epimerization, and rearrangement. Microbial cells and enzymes derived from microbial cells can be immobilized and reused for many cycles. Biocatalysis includes fermentation, biotransformation by whole cells or enzyme-catalyzed transformations, cloning and expression of enzymes, and directed evolution of enzymes to improve selectivity, substrate specificity, and stability. Various chapters in this book are contributed by internationally well-known scientists having many years of experience in different aspects of biocatalysis and biocatalytic applications in production of fine chemicals and chiral pharmaceutical intermediates.Nitrilases and Nitrile Hydratases
Biocatalytic Deracemization: Dynamic Resolution, Stereoinversion, Enantioconvergent Processes and Cyclic Deracemization
A Decade of Biocatalysis at Glaxo Wellcome
Biocatalysis for Synthesis of Chiral Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Directed Evolution of Lipases and Esterases for Organic Synthesis
Flavin-Containing Oxidative Biocatalysts
Preparation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals through Enzymatic Acylation of Alcohols Amines
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Asymmetric Transformations by Enzyme–Metal Combinations; Biotransformation of Natural or Synthetic Compounds for the Generation of Molecular Diversity
Applications of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Dioxygenases
A Genomic Approach to Investigating Baker’s Yeast Reductions
Immobilization of Enzymes as Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates: A Simple Method for Improving Performance
Biotechnological Applications of Aldolases
Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Nucleosides
Biocatalytic Reduction of Carboxylic Acids: Mechanism and Applications
Dehalogenases in Biodegradation and Biocatalysis
Enzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters and Oligosaccharides from Renewable Resources
Efficient Methods and Instrumentation for Engineering Custom Enzymes
Deaminating Enzymes of the Purine Cycle as Biocatalysts for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Transformation of Antiviral Agents Structurally Related to Purine Nucleosides
Microbial and Enzymatic Processes for the Production of Chiral Compounds
Discovery of Arylmalonate Decarboxylase and Conversion of the Function by Rational Design Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Enantiopure Building Blocks of Synthetic Utility; K. Mori
Stereoselective Modifications of Polyhydroxylated Steroids
Recent Developments in Enzymatic Acyloin Condensations
Synthesis of Chiral Alcohols with Carbonyl Reductase Library and Robust NAD(P)H Regenerating System
Comparative Analysis of Chemical and Biocatalytic Syntheses of Drug Intermediates
Industrial Processes Using Lyases for C–C, C–N, and C–O Bond Formation
State of the Art and Applications in Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Cyanohydrins
Chiral Switches: Problems, Strategies, Opportunities, and Experiences
Enzyme Evolution for Chemical Process Applications
Biocatalytic Routes to Nonracemic Chiral Amines
Enantioselective Biocatalytic Reduction of Ketones for the Synthesis of Optically Active Alcohols
Enzyme Catalysis in Nonaqueous Media: Past, Present, and Future
Biocatalytic Concepts for the Synthesis of Optically Active Amines