Budiman A.S. Probing Crystal Plasticity at the Nanoscales: Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction

Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London, 2015. – 128 p. – ISBN: 9812873341.This Brief highlights the search for strain gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations as a possible source of strength for two cases of deformation of materials at small scales: nanoindented single crystal copper and uniaxially compressed single crystal submicron gold pillars. When crystalline materials are mechanically deformed in small volumes, higher stresses are needed for plastic flow. This has been called the "Smaller is Stronger" phenomenon and has been widely observed. studies suggest that plasticity in one case is indeed controlled by the GNDs (strain gradient hardening), whereas in the other, plasticity is not controlled by strain gradients or sub-structure hardening, but rather by dislocation source starvation, wherein smaller volumes are stronger because fewer sources of dislocations are available (dislocation starvation hardening).Small Scale Plasticity
White-Beam X-ray Microdiffraction as Plasticity Probe
Electromigration in Metallic Interconnects
Size Effects in Crystalline Materials
Synchrotron White-Beam X-ray Microdiffraction at the Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Lab
Electromigration-Induced Plasticity in Cu Interconnects: The Length Scale Dependence
Electromigration-Induced Plasticity in Cu Interconnects: The Texture Dependence
Industrial Implications of Electromigration-Induced Plasticity in Cu Interconnects: Plasticity-Amplified Diffusivity
Indentation Size Effects in Single Crystal Cu as Revealed by Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction
Smaller is Stronger: Size Effects in Uniaxially Compressed Au Submicron Single Crystal Pillars