Zadeh L.A., Kacprzyk J. (eds.) Computing with Words in Information - Intelligent Systems 1. Foundations

Springer, 1999. — 349 p.Two volumes consisting of Foundations and Applications provide the current status of theoretical and empirical developments in "computing with words". In philosophy, the twentieth century is said to be the century of language. This is mainly due to Wittgenstein who said: "The meaning of a word is its use in the language game". "The concept game is a concept with blurred edges". In the first phrase, "the language game" implies the everyday human activity with language, and in the latter, "game" simply implies an ordinary word. Thus, Wittgenstein precisely stated that a word is fuzzy in real life. Unfortunately this idea about a word was not accepted in the conventional science. We had to wait for Zadeh's fuzzy sets theory. Remembering Wittgenstein's statement, we should consider, on the one hand, the concept of "computing with words" from a philosophical point of view. It deeply relates to the everyday use of a word in which the meaning of a word is fuzzy in its nature.What is Computing with Words?
Part 1 Introductory Sections
Fuzzy Logic = Computing with Words
Performing Approximate Reasoning with Words?
Approximate Reasoning as a Basis for Computing with Words
What is Intelligent Measurement?
Part 2 Computing with Words: Linguistic Aspects
Semiotics and Computational Linguistics. On Semiotic Cognitive Information Processing
Words about Uncertainty: Analogies and Contexts
Virtual Meaning: Problems of Interpretation in the Social Sciences
Towards Fixing Some 'Fuzzy' Catchwords: A Terminological Primer
Part 3 Computing with Words and Information Granularity
Granular Computing: Fuzzy Logic and Rough Sets
Towards an Adaptive Calculus of Granules
Semantics and Modeling of Flexible Time Indications
Part 4 Computing with Words: Logical Aspects
Towards Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Negation
Triangular Operations, Negations, and Scalar Cardinality of a Fuzzy Set
Fuzzy Implications in Approximate Reasoning
On the Semantics of Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers
Evaluating Linguistic Expressions and Functional Fuzzy Theories in Fuzzy Logic
Part 5 Computing with Words: Numerical Aspects
Calculation over Verbal Quantities
Aggregation of Linguistic Information Based on a Symbolic Approach
Part 6 General Frameworks for Computing With Words
Object Networks: A Computational Framework to Compute with Words
Study on a Framework for Solving Ill-defined Problems Using Patterns and Symbols
From Expert Words Directly to Numerical Simulations: Group-Theoretic Approach to Computing with Words in InformationlIntelligent Systems