Mason G.W., Griffen D.T., Merrill J.J., Thorne J.M. Physical Science Concepts

Second Edition. — College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Brigham Young University, 1997. — 398 p. — ISBN: 0-9611938-10-6.Authority
Intuition
Reason
Sensory Data
Self-Evident Truths
Historical Perspectives: Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Copernicus, Galileo, Newton
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Science and the Universe
The World Around Us
Nuclear Matter
Atoms
Molecules and Crystals
Complexes of Molecules
The Earth
The Solar System
The Milky Way Galaxy and BeyondHistorical Perspectives: The Emergence of Science
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Science of Motion
Laws Governing Motion
The First Law of Motion
Acceleration
Force
Mass
The Second Law of Motion
The Third Law of Motion
ApplicationsStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Fundamental Interactions
Falling Objects
The Moon’s Orbit
The Law of Universal Gravitation
Some Simple Experiments with ElectricityThe Electrical Model of Matter
The Electric Force Law
Electric Currents
Electromagnetic Forces
ApplicationsStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Applications of the Laws of Force and Motion
Gravitational Acceleration
Forces within Matter
Contact Forces
Finding Forces
Applications Involving More Than One Force
Circular Motion
The Nature of Scientific Laws
Mechanistic Philosophy
ApplicationsStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Some Effects Due to Internal Forces
Forces within Solids
Pressure
Buoyant Forces
Floating Objects
Buoyancy in the Earth’s Crust: Isostasy
ConvectionStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Conservation Laws
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Electric Charge
Conservation of Linear Momentum
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Forms of Energy
Kinetic Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Electrical Potential Energy
Internal Energy
Conservation of Energy
Energy Transfer and Transformation ProcessesHistorical Perspectives: Conservation of Energy
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Special Principle Relativity
Motion Symmetry
The Motion of the EarthHistorical Perspectives: The Motion of the Earth
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Special Relativity
Spacetime
Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity
Simultaneity
Time Dilation
Length Contraction
Mass Increase
Mass and EnergyStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Science of Matter
The Physical Properties of Matter
The Continuous Model of Matter
The States of Matter
Density
Color
Response to Force
Electrical PropertiesStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Molecular Model of Matter
Molecules
Brownian Motion
The States of Matter
Internal Energy and Temperature
Heat Conduction
Properties of Gases
Change of Physical StateHistorical Perspectives: Atoms and Molecules
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Law of Increasing Disorder
Irreversible Processes
Order and Disorder
Order and Energy
Ways To Increase Order
The Energy Crisis
The Efficiency of Energy Conversion
Pollution
EquilibriumHistorical Perspectives: The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Materialism
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Waves
Types of Waves
Properties of Waves
Wave Phenomena
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
InterferenceStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Properties of Light
The Speed of Light
The Source of Radiation
The Electromagnetic Family
Wave Phenomena of Light
The Particulate Nature of Light
Wave-Particle DualityHistorical Perspectives: What is Light?
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Nuclear Atom
The Charged Particles in Atoms
Electrons as Particles
Mass Spectrometer
The Rutherford Experiment
The Bohr Model
Discrete Spectra
Continuous SpectraHistorical Perspectives: Rutherford and Bohr Discover the Nuclear Atom
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Duality of Matter
The Two-Slit Experiment
Waves of Probability
Electron Microscope
The Uncertainty Principle
What is Reality?
The Role of the Newtonian LawsHistorical Perspectives: deBroglie and Davisson Discover the Electron Wave
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Wave Model of the Atom
Standing Waves
Orbitals
Energy Wells
Orbital Energies
Chemical ElementsStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Periodic Table
Periodic Patterns
Historical Perspectives: The Emergence of Chemistry
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Molecules and Compounds
Molecular Structure
Chemical Reactions
Chemical FormulasStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Metals and their Compounds
Pure Metals and Alloys
Oxidation States
Compounds Between Metals and Nonmetals
Formulas and Names of SaltsStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Compounds of Nonmetals
Covalent Bonds
Properties of Covalent Molecules
Molecular Ions
MineralsStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Chemistry of Living Things
Carbon Chains
Functional Groups
Proteins
Nucleic AcidsHistorical Perspectives: Mechanism versus Vitalism
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
How Life Works
How does the cell get its nutrients?
How does the organism fabricate amino acids and nucleotides?
How do the enzymes get energy to do their tasks?
How does the cell make its proteins?
How are the blueprints delivered to the ribosomes?
How are the raw materials delivered to the ribosomes?
How do the ribosomes execute the final assembly?
How does the cell copy the blueprints before division?
How do complex organisms develop?
What are favorable conditions for life?
Is life inevitable?Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Radioactivity
Alpha Decay
Beta Decay
Gamma Decay
Electron Capture
Positron Decay
Fission
Application of Radioactive Materials
Radioactive Half-Life
Radioactive DatingStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Energy
The Strong Interaction
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Fission
The Weak Interaction
The Structure of NucleonsHistorical Perspectives: The Development of the Atomic Bomb
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Matter in Motion
Cosmology: How the Universe Works
Measuring Astronomical Distances
Measuring Motion
The Expanding Universe
Einstein’s General Relativity
The Big Bang Universe
A Plausible Scenario for the Big Bang
The Steady State UniverseHistorical Perspectives: Is the Universe Infinite?
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The History of a Star
From Dust to Star in 10 Million Years
From Youth to Maturity in another 17 Million Years
An Adult Life of 10 Billion Years
The Star Becomes a Red Giant
Death of a Small Star
Death of a Massive StarHistorical Perspectives: What are the Stars?
Study Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Planet Earth
The Solar System
A Brief Tour of the Planets
The Moon
The Earth
The Continents
The Continental Shield
The Stable Platform
Fold Mountains Belts
The Continents Reconsidered
The Ocean Basins
The Deep Ocean Floor
The Oceanic Ridge
Island Arcs and Other Island Chains
The Oceans ReconsideredStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Geologic Time
The Principles of Relative Dating
Examples of Relative Dating
The Geologic Column
Absolute Time
Uniformitarianism
Early Estimates of the Age of the Earth
Radiometric Dating
The Geologic Column Revisited
The Age of the EarthStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Interior of the Earth
The Density of the Earth
Seismic Waves and the Structure of the Earth
The Composition of the Crust
The Composition of the Mantle
The Composition of the Core
Summary of the Chemical Layering of the Earth — Differentiation
The Mechanical Layering of the Earth
IsostasyStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics: The Evidence
The Fit of the Continents
Continental Structure
Paleontological Evidence
Paleoclimatic Evidence
Paleomagnetic Evidence
Wegner’s Hypothesis: Mechanism, Test, and Rejection
Sea-Floor Spreading
Magnetic Reversals and Stripes on the Seafloor
Further Tests and Triumph
The Breakup of Pangaea
Postscript: A Comment on the Way Science WorksStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Plate Tectonics: AWorking Model for the Earth
Plate Motion
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Transform Boundaries
Relative and Absolute Plate Motions — Hotspot Trails
The Plate-Tectonic Evolution of a ContinentStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Fossils: The Record of Life
The Significance of Fossils — A Gradual Awakening
Preservation of Fossils
Complete Preservation
Unaltered Hard Parts
Replacement
Molds and Casts
Carbonized Residues
Trace Fossils
Uses of Fossils
Markers of the Passage of Time
Indicators of Ancient Environments
History of Life on EarthStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
The Changing Face of the Earth
The Hydrologic Cycle
The Hydrologic System
Running Water
Glaciers
Groundwater
Wind
Oceans
The Face of the Earth Through Time
Accretion Stage
Bombardment and Heating
The Iron Catastrophe and Differentiation
Onset of the Tectonic System
Origin of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Toward Pangaea
Since PangaeaStudy Guide: Fundamental Principles, Glossary, Exercises
Appendix A. Suggestions for Study
Appendix B. The Chemical Elements
Appendix C. The Periodic Chart of the Elements
Appendix D. Hints and Answers to Exercises
Sources and Further Readings
General Index
Biographical Index