Sharapov V., Sotula Zh., Kunickaya L. Piezo-electric electro-acoustic transducers

Springer, 2014. — ix, 230 p. — (Microtechnology and MEMS). — ISBN: 978-3-319-01198-1.Electroacoustic transducers (EAT) are devices which transform electric energy to energy of acoustic fluctuations. Principles of action, design of transducers for work in air and water as well as for non-destructive control are described in the book. New technologies of designing EAT, not only expanding designing possibilities, are described. They also allow to create transducers with improved characteristics. In particular, methods to increase target capacity (sound pressure), decrease working (resonant) frequency of transducers and expand frequencies of projectors and sound receivers are developed. Methods and control units of transducers in batch production of transducers are described, too.From Preface:
This book presents the latest and complete information about piezoelectric electroacoustic transducers.
Electro-acoustic transducer (EAT) is a device which transforms electrical energy to energy of acoustic fluctuations.
Principles of action, the designs of known transducers for work in air, water, for nondestructive control are described in the book.
These transducers are based on back piezoelectric effects that are used in electro-acoustics, the hydroacoustics, and nondestructive control.
The book consists of five semantic (sense, meaning) parts:
The general information about PEAT, terms and definitions, materials, the description of piezoelements, etc.
The description of known designs PEAT for work in air, water, and with firm bodies.
New methods and devices electrophysical and circuit engineering designing (synthesis, creation) of piezoelectric electro-acoustic transducers and sensors are described. Application of these methods allows to create from one piezoelement tens (!) variants of transducers and sensors of the given type with various, including, improved characteristics.
New methods and devices for improvement of characteristics PEAT are described: reduction of working frequency that is equivalent to increase range of action (range of detection of sea objects), increases in sound pressure and passband expansion (for underwater communication), etc. These methods allow to create transducers with unique properties.
This book is written not only for specialists in electro-acoustics, hydroacoustics, nondestructive control, measuring technique, sensors for automatic control, but also for graduate students.General Information About Electro-Acoustic Transducers.
Terms and Definitions. Classification EAT.
Basic Characteristics PEAT.
Materials for PEAT.Piezoceramic Elements for PEAT.
Fluctuations of Piezoceramic Disk Polarised on a Thickness.
The Fluctuations of Radially Polarised Cylinder.
Piezoelectric Resonators.
Piezoceramic Transformers.
Bimorph and Trimorph Piezoelements.Electro-Acoustic Transducers.
General Information.
Chladni Figures and Transducers Directional Diagrams.
Electro-Acoustic Transducers in Active Oscillators Schemes.Hydroacoustic Transducers.
Classification and Characteristics.
Ratios of Electromechanical Transformations.
Cylindrical Piezoceramic Transducers.
Lamellar and Spherical Piezoceramic Transducers.
Basic Requirements to Transducers Projected.
Selection of Energy Transformation Method and Mode Shape.
Certain Transducers Designs.Transducers with Non-Destructive Control.
Classification of Methods of Non-Destructive Control.
Acoustic Methods of Non-Destructive Control.
Piezoelectric Transducers for Non-Destructive Control.The Technologies of PEAT Synthesis.
Spatial Energy: Force Structure of Piezoceramic Element.
Spatial Arrangement and Conjunction Piezoelement Electrodes.
Spatial Electromechanical Feedback.
Inclusion of Piezoelements in Schemes of Electric Filters.
Technology of Additional Elements.
Technology of Synthesis of the Transducers, Considering Electric signals.
The Combined Technology.Methods of Low-Frequency Acoustic Vibrations Creation.
Method of Beating.
Piezoelectric Adders.
Creating of Low Frequency Oscillations by Means of Peak Modulators.
Method of Additional Oscillatory Contour.
Creation of LF Acoustic Fluctuations with the Help of Monomorph Piezoelements.
Creation of LF Fluctuations with Help Bimorph and Trimorph Elements.
Application of Volume Resonators in Electro-Acoustic Transducers.Methods of Increasing Sound Pressure.
Method of Additional Oscillatory Contour.
Internal Friction in Piezoceramic Elements of Electro-Acoustic Transducers.
Piezoelectric Projectors of a Sound on a Basis of Bimorph and Trimorph Elements.Methods of Expansion of Pass-Band PEAT.
Decrease of Quality of Transducer.
Connected Contours.
Volume Resonators.Sensors with Piezoelements in Shemes Electric Filters.
Schemes of Electric Filters.
Sensors with Piezoelements in Low-Pass Filters Schemes.
Sensors with Piezoelements in High-Pass Filters Schemes.
Sensors with Piezotransformers in Electric Filters Schemes.Devices to Control and Diagnose Bimorph Piezoelements.
Defects of Bimorph Piezoelements.
Defects Diagnostics by AFC.
Diagnostics of Defects by Pulse Characteristic.
Diagnostics of Defects by Transitive Characteristic.
Devices Based on Active Oscillator Circuit.Authors’ Patents.