Walstra P., Geurts T.J., Noomen A., Jellema A., Van Boekel M.A.J.S. Dairy technology: Principles of Milk Properties and Processes. Part II: Processes

New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1999. — 246 c.General Aspects.Quality Assurance.
Concepts.
HACCP.
Quality Assurance of Raw Milk.
Milk Storage and Transport.
Milk Collection and Reception.
Milk Storage.
Transport of Milk in the Dairy.
Standardizing.
Suggested Literature.
Heat Treatment.
Objectives.
Changes Caused by Heating.
Overview of Changes.
Reactions of Proteins.
Reactions of Lactose.
Heat Coagulation.
Heating Intensity.
Processes of Different lntensity.
Kinetic Aspects.
Thennobacteriology.
nactivation of Enzymes.
Methods of Heating.
Considerations.
Equipment.
Heat Regeneration.
Control.
Appendix: Heat Transfer.
Suggested Literature.
Centrifugation.
Bactofugation.
Homogenization.
Objectives.
Operation of the Homogenizer.
Theory of Kolmogorov.
Factors Affecting the Fat Globule Size.
Surface Layers.
Stability.
Homogenization Clusters.
Other Effects of Homogenization.
Creaming.
Other Ways of Working.
Suggested Literature.
Concentration Process.
General Aspects.
Concentration of Solutes.
Water Activity.
Changes Caused by Concentrating.
Reaction Rates.
Evaporating.
Drying.
Objectives.
Drying Methods.
Atomization.
Change of State of the Drying Air.
Changes of State of the Drying Droplets.
Two-Stage Drying.
Membrane Processes.
Ultrafiltration.
Reverse Osmosis.
Electrodialysis.
Suggested Literature.
Cooling and Freezing.
Cooling.
Freezing.
Suggested Literature.
Lactic Fermentations.
Lactic Acid Bacteria: Types.
Sugar Metabolism.
Type of Lactic Acid Formed.
Citrate Metabolism.
Production of Acetaldehyde.
Growth in Milk and Stimulation of Growth.
Proteolytic and Lipolytic Activities.
Formation of Polysaccharides.
Plasmid-Encoded Properties.
Acid Production.
Bacteriophages.
Phage Growth in the Bacterial CeП.
Structure and Function.
Cell Wall Resistance and Restriction.
lnactivation.
Starters.
Composition.
Properties.
Shifts in the Flora.
Aspects of Traditional Starter Manufacture.
Applications in the Dairy lndustry.
Suggested Literature.
Fouling, Cleaning, and Disinfection.
Deposit Formation.
Cleaning.
Disinfection.
Sug ested Literature.
Packing.
Suggested Literature.